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Microbiology
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Zahrah Ahmed
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Cards (55)
What are microbes?
Very small
living
organisms
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Where are microbes found?
Everywhere in
bacteria
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How many microbes cause disease?
Very
few
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What types of organisms are classified as microbes?
Bacteria
, fungi,
archaea
, algae, protozoa,
viruses
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What is microbiology?
Study of
microorganisms
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What do hospitals have for testing samples?
Microbiology
departments
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What are the three domains of microorganisms?
Bacteria
,
Archaea
,
Eukarya
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What characterizes bacteria?
Microscopic
prokaryotic
cells without a
nucleus
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Where do most Archaea live?
Extreme environments as
extremophiles
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What defines the Eukarya domain?
Cells contain a
nucleus
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What are the four kingdoms in Eukarya?
Protista
,
fungi
,
plantae
,
animalia
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What is the difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria?
Gram-negative are
pink/red
; Gram-positive are
purple/blue
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What do antigens do?
Generate an
immune response
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Where are antigens usually found?
On the surface of
cells
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What are foreign antigens?
Antigens
not
in
the
body
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What are pathogens?
Microorganisms
that cause disease
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What types of microorganisms can be pathogens?
Bacteria
, fungi, and
viruses
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What happens when cells are received from another individual?
Different
antigens
trigger an
immune response
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What are the most important antigens in blood transfusions?
ABO blood group antigens
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What happens if donated blood has unrecognized antigens?
It generates an
immune response
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What factors affect bacteria in different environments?
Physical
conditions
and
nutritional
requirements
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What do bacteria produce that leads to infection symptoms?
Toxins
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What is the process of cultivating microorganisms?
Separating single
species
from a mixed
environment
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What is a pure culture?
Isolated
microorganism
grown alone
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What provides an environment for microorganism growth?
A
culture medium
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How can bacteria be classified based on their relationship with humans?
By their
effects
on the host
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What is microbiota?
Gut
bacteria
coexisting with the host
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What are accidental pathogens?
Staphylococcus epidermis
, A&B E. Coli,
tuberculosis
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What is sterilization?
Process of removing all
living organisms
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What are chemical methods of control for bacteria?
Natural/synthetic
antimicrobial agents
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What are chemotherapeutic agents?
Antibiotics
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Who coined the term 'antibiotic'?
Selman
Waksman
in
1953
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What was the first successful antibiotic?
Penicillin
produced by
fungus
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How do antibiotics kill bacteria?
By interfering with
metabolic
reactions
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What do antibiotics target to avoid damaging human cells?
Bacterial
enzymes
and
ribosomes
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What are narrow-spectrum antibiotics?
Selective against a narrow range of
bacteria
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What are broad-spectrum antibiotics?
Act against both
Gram-positive
and
Gram-negative
bacteria
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What are probiotics?
Natural
flora
for humans
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What role do probiotics play in the human body?
Prevent colonization of
pathogenic
bacteria
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What is the structure of viruses?
Nucleic acid
RNA
or
DNA
surrounded by a
coat
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See all 55 cards
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