nazi policies on youth and education

• what did nazis establish regarding education

  established ministry of science, education and national culture

  bernhard rust as head

  6-14 = compulsory to go to school

  boys and girls separated
• where could boys aged 10-18 go

  nationalpolitische erziehungsanstalt

  national political training institutes

  once graduated = joined armed forces/nazi paramilitary groups
• introduction of different schools

  after 1936, ss had control of napola schools

  adolf hitler schools (12-18) = for elite of hitler youth

  ordensburgen = for graduates of adolf hitler schools - used live ammunition in their 20s
• control of lessons


  students saluted

  'heil hitler'

  every subject had nazi themes
• control of textbooks

  rewritten to fit nazi view of racial purity

  had to be approved by ministry of education

  mein kampf = standard text
• control of teachers

  had to swear oath of loyalty to hitler

  had to join nazi teachers' league

  1937 = 97% of teachers joined

  to promote nazi ideals in classrooms

  dismissed if did not do so

  1936 = 36% of teachers were members of the nazi party
• control of curriculum

  changed to prepare students to future roles

  boys = military prep + 15% of time dedicated to PE

  girls = cookery and homecraft

  race studies = introduced

  RE = optional
• what happened to other youth organisations

  banned

  1936 - hitler youth membership compulsory
• examples of nazi groups for boys

  pimpfe : little fellows (6-10) - sport, hiking, camping

  deutsches jungvolk : german young people (10-13) - military prep

  hitlerjugend : hitler youth (14-18) - military training (7m members by 1939) many enjoyed the comradeship
• ideal german girls

  of german heritage

  german citizen

  free of hereditary diseases
• examples of nazi groups for girls

  jungmadelbund : young girls' league (10-14) - sport, camping

  bund deutscher madel : league of german maidens (14-18) - lessons, prep for motherhood, compulsory year working on land, domestic science, pe, parades, marches

  faith and beauty (18-21) - voluntary membership, continued training for marriage and life as a housewife, classes on clothes making and cooking healthy meals
• nazi reasons for control over education

  to bring young children to be proud germans who supported a strong, independent germany

  also to be supporters of the nsdap who believed in nazi policies

  to design schools for future leaders of the state
• nazi reasons for groups for boys

  to control the young in their spare time

  belief = all boys should be brought up strong and healthy = productive work for the german economy and fight in the german armed forces
• nazi reasons for groups for girls

  belief = all girls should be brought up strong and healthy

  to make strong wives and healthy, fertile mothers