Transport of substances

• What is diffusion 


  Random moment of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• What is active transport

  Movement of particles across a cell membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
• What is needed for active transport to take place

  Energy
• What is osmosis 


  Movement of water particles across a partially permeable membrane from a dilute to concentrated solution
• Describe the practical for osmosis

  • Prepare 6 boiling tubes with equal volumes of different sucrose solutions (0% to higher concentrations) + label
  • Cut 6 equal-length potato cylinders + dry with a paper towel + record initial masses.
  • Place one potato cylinder in each sucrose solution -> 40 mins
  • Remove, dry, and re-weigh cylinders to determine mass changes
  • Repeat to calculate means + identify anomalies
• What 3 factors affect enzyme activity

  • pH
  • Temperature
  • Substrate concentration
• How does substrate concentration affect pH

  • Subtract conc increases -> rate increases
  • More likely substrate with come into contact with active site
  • after certain point -> all active sites are full so adding more substrate will not change rate
• what does amylase break down + into what

  Strach -> simple sugars like glucose
• what does protease break down + into what

  proteins -> amino acids
• what does lipase break down + into what

  lipids -> fatty acids + glycerol