unit reference

• What does the Enlightenment aim to achieve in society?

  Improve society through human accomplishment
• What facilitated the diffusion of Enlightenment ideas?

  Trade and global connectivity
• What was the impact of the clash between new and old ideas?

  Led to revolutions against imperial powers
• Who argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property?

  John Locke
• What did Thomas Hobbes believe about government?

  People give up rights for law and order
• What was Voltaire's main focus in his ideas?

  Religious liberty
• What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about government?

  It must follow the collective 'General Will'
• What economic system did Adam Smith advocate?

  Laissez-faire capitalism
• What did Thomas Paine defend in his writings?

  Liberty from Britain and Deism
• What was Mary Wollstonecraft's argument regarding education?

  Women should receive the same education as men
• What was the outcome of the American Revolution?

  Successful independence from Britain
• What was the outcome of the Creole Revolutions?

  Independence but regional conflicts arose
• Who led the Haitian Revolution?

  Toussaint L’Ouverture
• What was the significance of the Haitian Revolution?

  First Latin American country to gain independence
• What was the main goal of the Abolitionism movement?

  End the Atlantic slave trade
• What does capitalism emphasize in its economic system?

  Private ownership for profit
• What is the belief of conservatism?

  Favor traditional institutions and practical experience
• What does deism propose about divine beings?

  They set natural laws into motion
• What is the main idea of empiricism?

  Knowledge comes from sensory experience
• What does feminism advocate for?

  Women's rights and equality
• What does nationalism emphasize?

  Intense loyalty to shared culture
• What is socialism's approach to production?

  Public or worker ownership of production
• What was the Propaganda Movement in the Philippines?

  Movement for independence using publications
• What triggered the French Revolution?

  Economic issues and lack of representation
• What was the outcome of the French Revolution?

  Establishment of the First French Republic
• What was the main goal of Count di Cavour in Italy?

  Unite the Italian Peninsula
• What characterized the First Industrial Revolution?

  Textiles, steam power, and iron
• What was a significant agricultural improvement that contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

  Crop rotation and seed drill
• What was the impact of the cottage industry before industrialization?

  Women gained some independence
• What did the Spinning Jenny do?

  Helped weavers spin faster
• What was the significance of interchangeable parts?

  Allowed for easier machine repairs
• What advantages did Britain have during industrialization?

  Abundant resources and strong fleets
• What delayed industrialization in France?

  Political instability and wars
• What was a major factor in the United States' industrialization?

  Human capital from migration
• What was the outcome of the New Zealand Wars?

  Defeat of Maori tribes by British
• What was the role of the enclosure movement in industrialization?

  Increased migration from rural to urban areas
• What was the significance of the Franco-Prussian War for Germany?

  Allowed formation of the new German Empire
• What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on society?

  Increased production of machine-made goods
• What was the role of technological innovations in the Industrial Revolution?

  Met demand for products faster and cheaper
• What was the significance of the agricultural revolution?

  More food led to population growth