2. Widening of the cold war

• What allowed Japan to expand in Southeast Asia during WWII?

  Europeans were distracted by the war
• At the height of its imperial powers, which regions did Japan control?

  Pacific, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and more
• What was the consequence of the war turning against Japan?

  Japan faced devastated economies and vulnerability
• How was American containment in Asia characterized after WWII?

  It was limited and focused on Europe
• What were the American aims in Southeast Asia after WWII?

  • Make Japan a satellite state
  • Extend economic aid to anti-communist forces
  • Establish a barrier of offshore islands
  • Support non-communist South Korea
• What was Truman's stance on European imperial powers in East Asia?

  He accepted their return to reinforce democracy
• How did the USA use the Philippines after WWII?

  To create a model democratic state
• What was the purpose of providing economic aid to ex-Japanese states?

  To stem the spread of Soviet-inspired communism
• What strategy did successive USA administrations use in Asia?

  To create model states through cultural imposition
• By what year had Japan been turned into a democratic state?

  By 1951
• Why was Japan a prime target for communism in Asia?

  It had suffered devastation and high casualties
• How many Japanese casualties were there after WWII?

  Almost 3 million
• What was the purpose of the recruitment and amusement association?

  To save Japanese females from occupation forces
• Who made decisions concerning Japan after WWII?

  General Douglas MacArthur
• What did the San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 do regarding Japan?

  Recognized Japan's sovereignty and restricted rearmament
• What were the key restrictions placed on Japan by the San Francisco Peace Treaty?

  • No restrictions on the economy
  • Restrictions on political model
  • Identified Japan's war responsibilities
  • Restricted future rearmament
  • Renounced claims to neighboring territories
• What rights did the USA gain from the San Francisco Peace Treaty?

  Military bases and administrative control in Japan
• What was the purpose of the national police reserve established in Japan?

  To be trained by a USA military advisory team
• What was the size of the Japanese ground troops established in 1952?

  110,000 ground troops
• What was the purpose of the self-defense force created in Japan by 1954?

  To respond to the rising threat of communism
• How did rearmament affect Japan's internal stability?

  It created internal instability due to differing attitudes
• Why was Japan important for the USA's Cold War containment strategy?

  It was a key element in preventing communism
• Who was Jiang Jieshi and what happened to him in 1949?

  He was exiled to Taiwan after losing the civil war
• What was Mao's concern regarding Jiang Jieshi's exile?

  It could undermine Mao's goal of a united China
• What was the USA's interest in China after the civil war?

  To prevent the CCP from falling under Soviet influence
• What was Dean Acheson's approach to supporting the KMT in Taiwan?

  Support should be secret to avoid imperialism perception
• What did Acheson argue regarding the military defense of Japan?

  It was the USA's responsibility to defend Japan
• What was NSC-68 and its significance?

  • A review of USA strategic objectives
  • Stressed urgency in building power
  • Focused on global Cold War containment
  • Reinforced 1950 as a turning point
• How was Korea divided after WWII?

  Into North and South with Soviet and USA support
• Who emerged as the chairman of North Korea in 1948?

  Kim Il Sung
• What was the American policy towards Korea after WWII?

  To support anti-communist leader Syngman Rhee
• What was Kim Il Sung's strategy for unification?

  To use force and guerrilla tactics
• What did Kim Il Sung believe about external support?

  It was crucial for achieving rapid victory
• What military support did Stalin provide to North Korea?

  Artillery, aircraft, and tanks
• What was Mao's priority after the Chinese civil war?

  Consolidating communist control in China
• How did Mao view the USA's nuclear strength?

  He underestimated its significance in Korea
• What compelled China to intervene in the Korean War?

  Pressure from Stalin and the situation in Korea
• What was the USA's priority in Asia during the Korean conflict?

  National security in Japan
• What was the role of the United Nations during the Korean War?

  To legitimize USA intervention in Korea
• How did the Korean invasion affect USA policy?

  It alarmed the USA and re-oriented their focus