Unit 5 bio

• What is the first section of unit 5 biology about?

  The cardiovascular system
• What is the primary function of the heart?

  It pumps blood throughout the body
• How many pumps does the heart consist of?

  Two pumps
• What is the approximate size of the heart?

  About the size of a fist
• Where is the heart located in the body?

  In the middle of the chest
• What protects the heart?

  The rib cage
• What are the two sides of the heart called?

  The right side and the left side
• What are the four chambers of the heart?

  The right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle
• What is the function of the atria?

  They receive blood coming into the heart
• What happens to blood after it enters the right atrium?

  It goes through a valve to the right ventricle
• How does blood travel from the right ventricle to the lungs?

  Through the pulmonary artery
• Where does blood go after returning from the lungs?

  Into the left atrium
• What is the main artery that carries blood away from the heart?


  The aorta
• What is the function of the septum in the heart?

  It divides the left and right sides
• What does myogenic muscle mean?

  Muscle contracts due to signals from itself
• What is the role of valves in the heart?

  They allow blood to flow one way
• What determines whether a valve is open or closed?

  The pressure differential across the valve
• What is the name of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle?

  The tricuspid valve
• What is another name for the bicuspid valve?

  The mitral valve
• What are the valves from the heart to the aorta called?

  Semilunar valves
• What is the function of the vena cava?

  It carries blood from the body to the heart
• What is the role of the pulmonary artery?

  It carries blood from the heart to the lungs
• What is the role of the pulmonary vein?

  It carries blood from the lungs to the heart
• What is the cardiac output?

  The volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
• How is cardiac output calculated?

  Beats per minute multiplied by stroke volume
• What is the average cardiac output for a healthy person?

  About five liters per minute
• What is the stroke volume?

  The volume of blood pumped per beat
• What is the stroke volume for a healthy person at 70 beats per minute?

  About 70 milliliters per beat
• How does the heart continue to beat if removed from the body?

  It receives signals from itself
• What are the main components of the cardiovascular system?

  • Heart
  • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
  • Blood
• What is the flow of blood through the heart?

  1. Blood enters the right atrium via vena cava
  2. Blood flows through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
  3. Blood is pumped to the lungs via pulmonary artery
  4. Blood returns to the left atrium via pulmonary vein
  5. Blood flows through the bicuspid valve to the left ventricle
  6. Blood is pumped to the body via aorta
• What are the types of valves in the heart?

  • Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and ventricle)
  • Bicuspid valve (mitral valve, between left atrium and ventricle)
  • Semilunar valves (between ventricles and arteries)
• What is the conduction system of the heart?

  • Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
  • Atrioventricular node (produces delay)
  • Bundle of His (splits signal)
  • Purkinje fibers (carry signal to ventricles)
• What is the significance of the 0.2 second delay in heart signals?

  • Allows atria to contract before ventricles
  • Ensures efficient blood flow
• What is the relationship between heart rate and cardiac output?

  • Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume
  • Higher heart rate increases cardiac output
• What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

  • Transport nutrients and oxygen
  • Remove waste products
  • Regulate body temperature
• What is the main focus of the video on blood and blood vessels?

  Arteries and veins
• What should students revise before watching the video?

  Unit one biology topics
• What is the primary function of arteries?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• Why is the blood in arteries under high pressure?

  It is pumped by the heart