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History Medicine Through Time
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Cards (49)
Who is the focus of this rapid revision video?
Louis Pasteur
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What is the famous theory associated with Louis Pasteur?
Germ Theory
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What was the common belief about the cause of disease before Pasteur?
Miasma
and
spontaneous generation
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What does the miasma theory suggest?
Bad
poisoned
air causes disease
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What is spontaneous generation?
Rotting
things generate
germs
on their own
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What did Pasteur theorize about the air?
Microbes
in the air cause spoilage
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What was the purpose of Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment?
To prove
germs
in the air spoil liquids
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What were the two types of flasks used in Pasteur's experiment?
Straight neck
and
swan neck
flasks
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What was the outcome of Pasteur's experiment?
Swan neck
flask remained fresh,
straight neck
spoiled
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What year did Pasteur publish his germ theory?
1861
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What process did Pasteur develop to extend the life of liquids?
Pasteurization
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Who was the German scientist that proved specific germs caused specific diseases?
Robert Koch
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What was a significant breakthrough in 1876 related to anthrax?
Identification of the
bacterium
causing anthrax
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What did Pasteur discover about chicken cholera in 1877?
Germs could be weakened to create vaccines
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What vaccine did Pasteur develop in the 1880s?
Rabies vaccine
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What was the impact of Pasteur's work on public health?
Led to greater
developments
in public
health
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How did Pasteur's germ theory challenge previous beliefs about disease?
Identified
germs
as the actual cause of disease
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What was the general belief about the cause of illness before Pasteur's discoveries?
Illness was caused by
miasma
and
humors
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What did Pasteur's experiments ultimately prove about germs?
Germs come from the air, not
spontaneous generation
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What was the significance of identifying the cause of illness?
Enabled more effective
disease prevention
strategies
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What are the key contributions of Louis Pasteur to medicine?
Developed
germ theory
in
1861
Conducted the
swan-necked flask
experiment
Created the
pasteurization
process
Developed vaccines for
chicken cholera
and
rabies
Influenced public health and surgery advancements
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What were the stages of Pasteur's germ theory development?
1861-1864
: Formulated and published germ theory
1865-1876
: Struggled to identify specific bacteria
1876: Identified bacterium causing
anthrax
1877
and beyond: Developed vaccines and advanced public health
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Who was Robert Koch?
A
German
scientist
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What did Robert Koch prove about Pasteur's theories?
He proved
Pasteur's
theories
were
correct
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What rivalry existed in the late 1800s?
France
and
Germany
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What did Koch create vaccines for?
Tuberculosis
and
cholera
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What was Koch's significant contribution to medicine?
Specific
germs
cause
specific
diseases
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In what year did Koch discover the germ causing tuberculosis?
1882
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What germ did Koch identify in 1883?
The micro causing
diphtheria
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How did Koch improve the diagnosis of diseases?
By
focusing
on the
disease
itself
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What technique did Koch pioneer to study microbes?
Use of dyes
to visualize microbes
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What did Koch develop to grow microbes in the lab?
Methods
for
culturing
microbes
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Why were dyes important in Koch's work?
They made
microbes
easier to see
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What year did Koch announce a tuberculosis vaccine?
1890
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What was the outcome of Koch's tuberculosis vaccine?
It turned out to be
ineffective
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What historical event influenced Koch's work?
The
Franco-Prussian War
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How did the Franco-Prussian War affect scientific rivalry?
It spurred
competition
between scientists
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What technology did Koch use to record bacteria?
Photography
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What materials did Koch grow bacteria on?
Petri dishes
and potatoes
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What was a significant challenge with early microscopes?
They made distinguishing
microbes
difficult
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See all 49 cards
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