History Medicine Through Time

    Cards (49)

    • Who is the focus of this rapid revision video?
      Louis Pasteur
    • What is the famous theory associated with Louis Pasteur?
      Germ Theory
    • What was the common belief about the cause of disease before Pasteur?
      Miasma and spontaneous generation
    • What does the miasma theory suggest?
      Bad poisoned air causes disease
    • What is spontaneous generation?
      Rotting things generate germs on their own
    • What did Pasteur theorize about the air?
      Microbes in the air cause spoilage
    • What was the purpose of Pasteur's swan-necked flask experiment?
      To prove germs in the air spoil liquids
    • What were the two types of flasks used in Pasteur's experiment?
      Straight neck and swan neck flasks
    • What was the outcome of Pasteur's experiment?
      Swan neck flask remained fresh, straight neck spoiled
    • What year did Pasteur publish his germ theory?
      1861
    • What process did Pasteur develop to extend the life of liquids?
      Pasteurization
    • Who was the German scientist that proved specific germs caused specific diseases?
      Robert Koch
    • What was a significant breakthrough in 1876 related to anthrax?
      Identification of the bacterium causing anthrax
    • What did Pasteur discover about chicken cholera in 1877?
      Germs could be weakened to create vaccines
    • What vaccine did Pasteur develop in the 1880s?
      Rabies vaccine
    • What was the impact of Pasteur's work on public health?
      Led to greater developments in public health
    • How did Pasteur's germ theory challenge previous beliefs about disease?
      Identified germs as the actual cause of disease
    • What was the general belief about the cause of illness before Pasteur's discoveries?
      Illness was caused by miasma and humors
    • What did Pasteur's experiments ultimately prove about germs?
      Germs come from the air, not spontaneous generation
    • What was the significance of identifying the cause of illness?
      Enabled more effective disease prevention strategies
    • What are the key contributions of Louis Pasteur to medicine?
      • Developed germ theory in 1861
      • Conducted the swan-necked flask experiment
      • Created the pasteurization process
      • Developed vaccines for chicken cholera and rabies
      • Influenced public health and surgery advancements
    • What were the stages of Pasteur's germ theory development?
      1. 1861-1864: Formulated and published germ theory
      2. 1865-1876: Struggled to identify specific bacteria
      3. 1876: Identified bacterium causing anthrax
      4. 1877 and beyond: Developed vaccines and advanced public health
    • Who was Robert Koch?
      A German scientist
    • What did Robert Koch prove about Pasteur's theories?
      He proved Pasteur's theories were correct
    • What rivalry existed in the late 1800s?
      France and Germany
    • What did Koch create vaccines for?
      Tuberculosis and cholera
    • What was Koch's significant contribution to medicine?
      Specific germs cause specific diseases
    • In what year did Koch discover the germ causing tuberculosis?
      1882
    • What germ did Koch identify in 1883?
      The micro causing diphtheria
    • How did Koch improve the diagnosis of diseases?
      By focusing on the disease itself
    • What technique did Koch pioneer to study microbes?
      Use of dyes to visualize microbes
    • What did Koch develop to grow microbes in the lab?
      Methods for culturing microbes
    • Why were dyes important in Koch's work?
      They made microbes easier to see
    • What year did Koch announce a tuberculosis vaccine?
      1890
    • What was the outcome of Koch's tuberculosis vaccine?
      It turned out to be ineffective
    • What historical event influenced Koch's work?
      The Franco-Prussian War
    • How did the Franco-Prussian War affect scientific rivalry?
      It spurred competition between scientists
    • What technology did Koch use to record bacteria?
      Photography
    • What materials did Koch grow bacteria on?
      Petri dishes and potatoes
    • What was a significant challenge with early microscopes?
      They made distinguishing microbes difficult
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