definitions

• What does ATP stand for?

  Adenosine triphosphate
• What is the role of ATP in cells?

  Acts as the energy currency of cells
• What are the components of ATP?

  Ribose, adenine, and three phosphate groups
• What is an amino acid?

  Monomers that make up proteins
• What groups are present in an amino acid?

  Amino group, carboxyl group, and R group
• What is Benedict’s test used for?

  Testing for reducing sugars
• What does the color change in Benedict’s test indicate?

  Amount of reducing sugar present
• What does the Biuret test detect?

  Presence of protein
• What color does the Biuret test produce in the presence of protein?

  Purple solution
• What is cellulose made of?

  Beta glucose monomers
• What is the function of cellulose in plants?

  Provides strength to cell walls
• What is a condensation reaction?

  Joins two molecules with water elimination
• What type of molecule is DNA?

  Information storing molecule
• What are the monomers of DNA?

  Deoxyribonucleotide monomers
• What type of bond joins nucleotides in DNA?

  Phosphodiester bonds
• What is a dipeptide?

  Molecule formed by two amino acids
• What is a disaccharide?

  Molecule formed by two monosaccharides
• What is the function of DNA helicase?

  Breaks hydrogen bonds in DNA strands
• What does DNA polymerase do?

  Catalyses condensation reactions in DNA synthesis
• What is an enzyme?

  A biological catalyst that speeds reactions
• What is glycogen made of?

  Alpha glucose monomers
• What is the function of glycogen?

  Main energy storage in humans and animals
• What is a glycosidic bond?

  Bond between two monosaccharides
• What does heat capacity refer to?

  Energy needed to raise temperature
• What is hydrolysis?

  Breaking a bond using water
• What does the induced-fit model describe?

  Enzymes change shape to fit substrates
• What is the iodine test used for?

  Testing for presence of starch
• What is lactose?

  A disaccharide of glucose and galactose
• What is latent heat?

  Energy needed for a substance to change state
• What does the lipid emulsion test indicate?

  Presence of lipids
• What is maltose?

  A disaccharide of two glucose molecules
• What is a metabolite?

  Molecule formed or used in metabolism
• What are monomers?

  Smaller units of larger molecules
• What is a monosaccharide?

  Individual sugar monomers
• What is a phospholipid?

  Lipid formed from glycerol and fatty acids
• What are polymers?

  Molecules made from many monomers
• What is a polypeptide?

  Molecule formed by many amino acids
• What is a polysaccharide?

  Molecule formed by many monosaccharides
• What is primary structure in proteins?

  Sequence of amino acids in a protein
• What is quaternary structure in proteins?

  Interactions of multiple polypeptide chains