Perception 2

• what is intensity/luminance in terms of visible light


  the amount of photons
• When the optics of the eye projects light onto the retina what does it convert the energy into?

  electrical signals
• what is transduction achieved by?

  different types of photoreceptors (rods & cones)
• where does information processing begin through?

  circuitry of wiring between photoreceptors & retinal ganglion cells
• when signals leave the eye via the optic nerve where are they relayed to?

  their relayed to visual cortex at the back of the brain
• where are rods located?

  mainly in the peripheral retina?
• where are cones concentrated in?

  the fovea (center of the retina)
• what is the pathway of visual information shared from the retina - brain?

  the retina - the optic nerve- the optic chiasm - the LGN - Primary Visual Cortex
• what are bottom up factors in perception of brightness

  how the visual system processes input to the eyes
• what are features of bottom-up factors

  light/dark adaptation & lateral inhibition
• what is top down factors about in perception of brightness?

  knowledge about the environment
• what is a feature of top-down factors ?

  impact of shadows
• what do these factors help achieve?

  brightness constancy
• what are S-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  short wavelengths (blue cones)
• What are M-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  middle wavelengths (green cones)
• What are L-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  long wavelengths (red cones)
• what is anomalous trichromacy?

  where defects exist in one of the cone types
• what is colour perception also shaped by both bottom-up and top-down factors?

  colour opponent processing & colour constancy
• what is visible light?

  a band of energy within the electromagnetic spectrum
• what is wavelength in terms of visible light?

  the difference in peaks of the electromagnetic waves
• what is intensity/luminance in terms of visible light

  the amount of photons
• When the optics of the eye projects light onto the retina what does it convert the energy into?

  electrical signals
• what is transduction achieved by?

  different types of photoreceptors (rods & cones)
• where does information processing begin through?

  circuitry of wiring between photoreceptors & retinal ganglion cells
• when signals leave the eye via the optic nerve where are they relayed to?

  their relayed to visual cortex at the back of the brain
• where are rods located?

  mainly in the peripheral retina?
• where are cones concentrated in?

  the fovea (center of the retina)
• what is the pathway of visual information shared from the retina - brain?

  the retina - the optic nerve- the optic chiasm - the LGN - Primary Visual Cortex
• what are bottom up factors in perception of brightness

  how the visual system processes input to the eyes
• what are features of bottom-up factors

  light/dark adaptation & lateral inhibition
• what is top down factors about in perception of brightness?

  knowledge about the environment
• what is a feature of top-down factors ?

  impact of shadows
• what do these factors help achieve?

  brightness constancy
• what are S-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  short wavelengths (blue cones)
• What are M-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  middle wavelengths (green cones)
• What are L-cones preferentially sensitive to?

  long wavelengths (red cones)
• what is anomalous trichromacy?

  where defects exist in one of the cone types
• what is colour perception also shaped by both bottom-up and top-down factors?

  colour opponent processing & colour constancy