Psychodynamic 1 :

• What is psychological formulation an alternative to?

  Diagnosis
• What does Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory focus on?

  It describes the context and influences on human behavior.
• What are Freud's key concepts of human nature?

  They include the dynamic unconscious, determinism, and conflict.
• What are the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?

  Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital.
• What is the function of defence mechanisms in Freud's theory?

  They protect the individual from anxiety and distress.
• What does psychological formulation aim to identify?

  Processes that led to and maintain problems faced by the individual.
• What impact does a diagnostic label have on treatment according to the text?

  It has little impact on the sort of treatment given.
• What are the key components of psychological approaches in psychotherapy?

  • Approach: A single position regarding theory and practice (e.g., Freud’s psychoanalysis).
  • School: A grouping of similar approaches (e.g., Psychodynamic).
  • Every therapist operates from a vision of human nature.
• How do theories and approaches develop according to the text?

  They are influenced by context, including time, place, and the character of the originator.
• What are the different settings in which mental health professionals work?

  • Healthcare
  • Social care
  • Education
  • Charities
  • Private sector
• What are some roles of mental health professionals?

  • Counselling psychologist
  • Mental health social worker
  • Counsellor
  • Psychotherapist
  • PWP (Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner)
  • Clinical psychologist
  • High-intensity therapist
• What is the dynamic unconscious in Freud's psychodynamic approaches?

  It refers to the unconscious processes that influence behavior.
• What does determinism imply in Freud's theory?

  Human behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are determined by cause and effect.
• What are biological instincts according to Freud?

  They are sexual drives that influence behavior.
• What position did Freud hold at the University of Vienna?

  He was a lecturer in neuropathology.
• What significant work did Freud publish in 1899?

  'The Interpretation of Dreams'
• Who was 'Anna O' and who was her therapist?

  Anna O was Bertha Pappenheim, and her therapist was Josef Breuer.
• What does the case of Anna O imply about behavior?

  It is influenced by unconscious mental processes.
• What are the three levels of consciousness according to Freud?

  Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious.

  
• What is Freud's tripartite model of personality composed of?

  Id, Ego, and Superego.

  
• What principle does Helmholtz's conservation of energy relate to in Freud's theory?

  Energy is not created or destroyed but transforms from one form to another.
• What role do instincts play in Freud's model of personality?

  They are the source of energy in behavior and shape personality dynamics.
• What are the two types of instincts identified by Freud?

  Eros (life instinct) and Thanatos (death instinct).
• How does Freud describe the Id?

  As a chaos filled with instinctual energy that knows no morality.
• What principle governs the Id's functioning?

  The pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification.
• What is the role of the Superego in Freud's model of personality?

  It represents moral restrictions and strives for perfection.
• How does the Ego function according to Freud?

  It mediates between the Id and reality, governed by the reality principle.
• What does a balance between the Id, Ego, and Superego indicate?

  It indicates good psychological health and wellbeing.

  
• What does anxiety represent in Freud's psychodynamic theory?

  A state of tension that must be reduced, warning of danger.
• What are the stages of psychosexual development according to Freud?

  Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital.
• What happens if conflicts at each psychosexual stage are not resolved?

  It leads to fixations that impact personality.
• What is the basic conflict in the phallic stage of development?

  Incestuous desire for the opposite-sex parent, which is repressed.
• What triggers the use of ego defence mechanisms?

  Instinctual demands from the Id that place the individual in danger.
• How do defence mechanisms operate according to Freud?

  They deny, falsify, or distort reality and work unconsciously.
• What is repression in Freud's theory?

  Preventing unacceptable thoughts from entering consciousness.
• What is reaction formation?

  Preventing awareness of unacceptable desires by taking the opposite stance.
• What does regression refer to in Freud's defence mechanisms?

  Reverting to an earlier developmental level.
• What is denial in the context of ego defence mechanisms?


  Refusing to face reality.
• What does projection involve in Freud's theory?

  Attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts to another person.
• What is sublimation in Freud's defence mechanisms?

  Channeling frustrated energy into socially acceptable outlets.