Psychodynamic 2 :

• What are the processes leading to 'healthy' and neurotic development according to Freud's theory?

  They involve the resolution of conflicts during psychosexual stages.
• What are the goals of therapy in Psychoanalysis?

  To make the unconscious conscious and strengthen the ego.
• What is evaluated in the Psychoanalytic Approach?

  The effectiveness and implications of psychoanalysis in treating mental disorders.
• How does Jung's Analytical Approach compare with Freud's ideas?

  Jung emphasizes the collective unconscious and archetypes, while Freud focuses on sexual motivations.
• What does human development progress through according to Freud?

  Psychosexual stages.
• What happens if conflicts at each psychosexual stage are not resolved?

  It leads to fixations.
• How is anxiety at each psychosexual stage relieved?

  Using ego-defence mechanisms.
• What can the use of defence mechanisms lead to?

  Neuroses, which are a matter of degree, not kind.
• Where do neuroses originate according to Freud?

  In childhood.
• What typically triggers neuroses?

  Stress or crisis, usually of a sexual nature.
• What characterizes healthy development according to Freud?

  Successfully passing through stages without major fixations or regressions.
• What is developed during healthy psychological development?

  A successful ego and super-ego.
• What is involved in evolving adequate defence mechanisms?

  Developing strategies to cope with anxiety and conflict effectively.
• What leads to the transformation of frustrated sexual impulses into neurotic symptoms?

  Repression by the ego.
• What is a characteristic of evolving inadequate defence mechanisms?

  They fail to effectively manage anxiety and conflict.
• Why do neuroses continue according to Freud?

  Because repressions are unconscious and the ego cannot access them.
• What is a characteristic of OCD according to Freud?

  It involves a fear of id impulses and the use of defence mechanisms.
• How is OCD described in terms of internal conflict?

  As a 'battle' between opposing forces within the individual.
• What is reaction formation in the context of OCD?

  It is when a person behaves opposite to how they think or feel.
• At which psychosexual stage does fixation occur in OCD?

  At the anal stage.
• How is depression similar to grieving according to Freud?

  Both involve regression to the oral stage.
• What is introjection in the context of depression?

  It is the internalization of harmful or limiting beliefs.
• What is the first goal of therapy in Psychoanalysis?

  To make the unconscious conscious.
• What is the second goal of therapy in Psychoanalysis?

  To strengthen the ego for reality-based functioning.
• What is the third goal of therapy in Psychoanalysis?

  To make the super-ego more humane.
• What type of disorders is psychoanalysis mainly concerned with?

  Neurotic disorders.
• According to Freud, who is not suitable for psychoanalysis?

  Individuals with psychosis.
• Why does Freud suggest that individuals near or above the age of 50 may not be suitable for psychoanalysis?

  They have many experiences, making therapy potentially indefinite.
• What is a requirement for individuals undergoing psychoanalysis according to Freud?

  They should have a reasonable degree of education and reliable character.
• How many sessions per week are typically required for psychoanalysis?

  At least 4 sessions per week.
• Why is the couch used in Freudian therapy?

  It allows clients to relax and speak freely without direct eye contact.
• What is the fundamental rule of Free Association in therapy?

  To report everything that comes to mind, even if it is unpleasant.
• What does Free Association aim to achieve?

  To lift repressions by making the unconscious conscious.
• What is resistance in the context of therapy?

  Anything that works against the process of therapy.
• Why does the ego protect itself from repressed id impulses?

  To maintain psychological stability and avoid anxiety.
• What is transference in therapy?

  When clients project emotions onto the therapist based on past relationships.
• What does transference allow the therapist to understand?

  Important relationships and their impact on adult behavior.
• What are interpretations in therapy?

  Constructions or explanations of the client's experiences.
• What does interpretation help clients gain insight into?

  Defence mechanisms and resistances.
• What did Freud refer to dreams as?

  The "royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind."