Humanistic Approaches 1 :

• What are the key features of the humanistic philosophy?

  Free will, conscious thoughts, responsibility, present focus, and phenomenology.
• What is Rogers’ Person-Centred Approach focused on?

  It emphasizes the key concepts of human nature.
• How does Rogers’ approach differentiate between “healthy” and maladaptive behaviors?

  It accounts for behaviors based on the alignment with the true self and actualizing tendency.
• What are the goals of Person-Centred Therapy (PCT)?

  To assist clients in their growth process and help them become increasingly actualized.
• What should be considered when evaluating the Person-Centred approach?

  Some evaluations include its effectiveness, limitations, and the importance of empathy.
• What are the features of humanistic existential approaches?

  • Free will
  • Conscious thoughts
  • Responsibility
  • Present focus
  • Phenomenology
• What is the essence of Humanism according to the study material?

  • Natural potential that can be 'actualised'
  • Problems arise from not being one's 'true' self
  • Emphasizes freedom, responsibility, and conscious awareness
• What does Existentialism focus on in human nature?

  • Human limitations and realities
  • Problems arise from failing to create meaning in life
• How did Abraham Maslow view humanism in psychology?

  As a 'THIRD FORCE' in psychology.
• What are the two types of motivation identified by Maslow?

  Deficiency and growth motivation.

  
• What is the Hierarchy of Human Needs?

  A model that outlines the different levels of human needs, from basic to self-actualization.

  
• Who is Carl Rogers?

  A psychologist known for developing the Person-Centered Approach.
• What significant work did Carl Rogers publish in 1951?

  'Client-Centred Therapy.'
• How did Carl Rogers view himself in relation to psychotherapy?

  He saw himself as a scientist and the 'father of psychotherapy research.'
• What is Rogers' view of human nature?

  He believed humans are basically good and possess an actualizing tendency.
• What is the actualizing tendency according to Rogers?

  A single basic motivating drive present in all living things.
• What does the actualizing tendency aim for?

  It aims for wholeness and the actualization of potentialities.
• What does the actualizing tendency include?

  It includes maintenance, growth, and fulfillment activities.
• What is organismic valuing?

  A process central to the notion of the 'true' or unique self.
• How does organismic valuing function?

  It involves weighing experiences and placing value based on their ability to satisfy the organism.
• What is the phenomenal field in Rogers' theory?

  It is a subjective experience or frame of reference for the individual.
• What does Rogers mean by 'experts in ourselves'?

  It means individuals have the best understanding of their own experiences.
• What is self-concept?

  It is your perception of yourself, including qualities and values.
• What are conditions of worth?

  They are the need for positive regard that can be unconditional or conditional.
• How does conditional regard affect self-regard?

  It leads to the development of conditional positive self-regard.

  
• What is the difference between healthy and maladaptive development?

  Healthy development aligns with the actualizing tendency, while maladaptive development does not.
• What does 'knowing without knowing' refer to?

  It refers to being aware of a threat without understanding its nature.
• What are the goals of Person-Centered Therapy?

  To reject the medical model and empower clients to set their own goals.
• What is emphasized in the therapeutic process of Person-Centered Therapy?

  The therapeutic relationship and the therapist's attitude are crucial.
• What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for effective therapy according to Rogers?

  Psychological contact, incongruence, congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding.
• What does congruence refer to in the therapeutic relationship?

  It refers to genuineness, openness, and authenticity of the therapist.
• What is unconditional positive regard?

  It is the spontaneous prizing of the client regardless of their actions.
• What does empathy involve in the therapeutic context?

  It involves understanding the client’s feelings and experiences from their perspective.
• What is a criticism of the actualizing tendency in Person-Centered Therapy?

  It cannot be directly observed.
• What is a criticism regarding the concepts in Person-Centered Therapy?

  They are often considered vague and unsuitable for testing.
• What is a noted issue regarding research interest in Person-Centered Therapy?

  There has been less research interest than in other approaches in recent years.
• What is a concern regarding Person-Centered Therapy from a diversity perspective?

  It may not adequately address the expectations of therapy in collectivist cultures.
• What does research show about empathy in therapy?

  Empathy is a key determinant of client progress.
• What is the relationship between self-concept and vulnerability to anxiety?

  A discrepancy between self-concept and others' perceptions can increase vulnerability to anxiety.
• What is a benefit of Person-Centered Therapy from a diversity perspective?

  It imposes no 'correct way of being' on clients.