Cognitive 3:

• What are the basic principles of Beck’s cognitive therapy (CT)?

  They focus on how cognition affects feelings and behaviors.

  
• What are the key goals of cognitive therapy (CT)?

  To correct faulty information-processing and relieve symptoms.
• What are some important techniques involved in cognitive and behavioral interventions?

  Techniques include cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation.
• How is CBT evaluated as an approach?

  It is supported by a significant amount of evidence for various psychological disorders.

  
• Who is Aaron Beck?

  He is the founder of cognitive therapy and a prominent psychiatrist.
• When did Aaron Beck begin his research into depression?

  In the 1950s.
• What did Aaron Beck reject based on his research data?

  The psychoanalytical account of depression.
• What position did Aaron Beck hold at the Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research?

  He was a Professor Emeritus.
• How many articles and books did Aaron Beck author or co-author?

  Over 600 articles and 25 books.
• What is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)?

  It is a test developed by Aaron Beck used in Clinical Psychology.
• Why is information processing considered critical in cognitive therapy?

  It is essential for survival and influences feelings and behaviors.
• How do feelings and behaviors relate to cognition in cognitive therapy?

  They are based on how we perceive and structure our experiences.
• What are schemas in cognitive therapy?

  They are fundamental beliefs and assumptions about self, others, and goals.
• When do schemas develop?

  They develop early in life through experiences.
• How can schemas be characterized in cognitive therapy?

  They can be adaptive or maladaptive.
• What factors contribute to psychological distress?

  Evolutionary, biological, environmental, and developmental factors.
• What are cognitive vulnerabilities in cognitive therapy?

  They are unique predispositions to distress based on individual schemas.
• What is systematic bias in cognitive therapy?

  It is a shift to rigid, absolutist thinking.
• How are cognitive distortions characterized?

  They are logical errors in thinking.
• What is dichotomous thinking?

  It is evaluating experiences as extremes.
• What is arbitrary inference?

  It is drawing conclusions without evidence.
• What does magnification/minimization refer to in cognitive distortions?

  It refers to evaluating events as far more or less important than they are.
• What is selective abstraction?

  It is drawing conclusions based on only a selection of evidence.
• What does personalization mean in cognitive distortions?

  It is evaluating events as related to the self.
• What is over-generalization in cognitive distortions?

  It is drawing conclusions from a single event.
• What are automatic thoughts?

  They are involuntary, recurring words or images that occur rapidly at the edge of awareness.
• What are negative automatic thoughts (NATs)?

  They are automatic thoughts that reflect negative schema content.
• What is the cognitive triad in depression?

  It consists of a negative view of self, future, and world.

  
• How does depression affect cognitive distortions?

  As depression worsens, depressive schemas are activated, increasing cognitive distortions.
• What is a goal of Beck's cognitive therapy?

  To correct faulty information-processing.
• How are beliefs and automatic thoughts treated in cognitive therapy?

  They are treated as testable hypotheses.
• What is involved in the initial session of cognitive therapy?

  It includes functional and cognitive analysis.
• How many sessions are typically involved in cognitive therapy?

  Weekly sessions range from 5 to 16.
• What therapeutic style does Beck's cognitive therapy utilize?

  It uses a Rogerian therapeutic style.
• What is collaborative empiricism in cognitive therapy?

  It involves a collaborative approach between therapist and client to explore thoughts.
• What is the aim of cognitive interventions in cognitive therapy?

  To replace distorted NATs and beliefs with more realistic information-processing.
• What is the first step in cognitive interventions?

  To elicit and identify NATs.
• How are NATs corrected in cognitive therapy?

  Through reality-testing and Socratic dialogues.
• What is involved in identifying and altering beliefs in cognitive therapy?

  It includes hypothesis testing and re-fashioning beliefs.
• What is the role of behavioral interventions in cognitive therapy?

  They lay the foundation for cognitive interventions and assist in reality-testing.