Developmental psychology

• What theory suggests behavior is learned through observation?

  Social learning theory
• What was the aim of Bandura's 1961 study?

  To investigate if aggression is learned socially
• What hypothesis states observing an aggressive model leads to imitation?

  Observing an aggressive model leads to imitation
• What were the ages of children in Bandura's study?

  Ages between 3 and 5 years
• What was the sample size in Bandura's study?

  72 children
• How many boys and girls were in Bandura's sample?

  36 boys and 36 girls
• What were the three conditions in Bandura's study?

  Aggressive model, non-aggressive model, control
• What occurred in Phase 1 of Bandura's procedure?

  Models acted aggressively or non-aggressively
• What was the purpose of Phase 2 in Bandura's study?

  To arouse aggression through toy restriction
• How long was the observation in Phase 3 of Bandura's study?

  20 minutes
• What did children in the aggressive condition imitate?

  Physical and verbal aggression
• What percentage of children in non-aggressive and control groups showed no aggression?

  70%
• How did boys and girls differ in imitating aggression?

  Boys imitated more from male models
• What is the independent variable in Bandura's study?

  Type of model
• What does Bandura's study conclude about social learning theory?

  Children imitate aggression from models
• What is the dependent variable in Bandura's study?

  Child’s aggressive behavior
• What method was used in Bandura's study?

  Lab experiment
• What sampling method was used in Bandura's study?

  Opportunity sampling
• What was the percentage of children using the standard inhaler the day before in Chaney's study?

  59%
• What was the percentage of children achieving the recommended breaths with the Funhaler?

  80%
• What is positive reinforcement in Chaney's study?

  Using rewards to encourage desired actions
• What was the aim of Chaney's study?

  To improve adherence to asthma medication
• What was the sample size in Chaney's study?

  32 asthmatic children
• How were parents involved in Chaney's study?

  They completed questionnaires and supervised usage
• What was the follow-up procedure in Chaney's study?

  Researchers visited parents for a questionnaire
• What was the percentage of children who found the Funhaler pleasurable to use?

  68%
• What conclusion was drawn from Chaney's study?

  Funhaler improved adherence to asthma treatment
• What is the independent variable in Chaney's study?

  Standard inhaler vs. Funhaler
• What is the dependent variable in Chaney's study?

  Compliance with asthma treatment
• What method was used in Chaney's study?

  Field experiment
• What sampling method was used in Chaney's study?

  Random sampling
• What was the aim of Kohlberg's study?

  To study moral development over 12 years
• What was the sample size in Kohlberg's study?

  75 American boys
• What method did Kohlberg use for his study?

  Longitudinal method
• What were the three levels of moral development in Kohlberg's study?

  Pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
• What is Stage 1 of Kohlberg's moral development?

  Punishment & Obedience
• What is Stage 5 of Kohlberg's moral development?

  Social Contract
• What did Kohlberg find about moral reasoning?

  It develops with age and follows a sequence
• How do social and cultural factors influence moral development according to Kohlberg?

  They affect the speed of progression
• What was the aim of Lee's study?

  To examine culture's influence on moral evaluations