Definitions

Created by

Daisy

Cards (40)

What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What is ATP?
A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups
What is an AMINO ACID?
The monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins
What is the Benedict's Test?
A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present
What is the Biuret Test?
A biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein
What is cellulose?
A polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls
What is a condensation reaction?
a type of reaction that joins 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water
What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)?
an information storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix
What is a dipeptide?
molecules formed by the condensation of two amino acids
What is a disaccharide ? 
molecules formed bythe condensation of two monosaccharides
What is DNA Helicase?
An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated
What is DNA polymerase?
An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand
What is an Enzyme?
a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions
What is Glycogen?
A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose molecules that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals
What is a Glycosidic Bond?
A bond between two monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction
What is Heat Capacity? 
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount
What is Hydrolysis?
Breaking a chemical bond between two molecules involving the use of a water molecule
What is the Induced-fit model?
A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate
What is the Iodine test? 
A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch
What is Lactose?
A disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule
What is Latent heat?
the amount of energy needed for a substance to change state
What is the Lipid emulsion test?
a biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids
What is Maltose?
A disaccharide formed by the condensation of 2 glucose molecules
What is a Metabolite?
A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions
What are monomers?
The smaller repeating units from which larger molecules are made
What is a Monosaccharide?
The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
What is a Phospholipid? 
A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group
What are Polymers?
Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
What is a Polypeptide?
Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids
What is a Polysaccharide?
Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides
What is primary structure?
The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein
What is Quaternary structure?
A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains
What is Ribonucleic acid/ RNA?
A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds
What is secondary structure? 
The local interactions of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
What is Semi-conservative replication?
The production of two daughter DNA molecules from one DNA molecule which both contain one original DNA strand and one newly synthesised strand
What is a Solvent?
A substance which other solutes are dissolved in
What is starch? 
A polysaccharide made up of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants
What is sucrose?
A disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule
What is tertiary structure?
The way that the whole protein folds to make a three dimensional structure
What is a triglyceride?
A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acid