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biopsychology
biological rhythms
infradian
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Cards (37)
What is an infradian rhythm?
A
cyclical
change longer than a day
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How is an infradian rhythm characterized?
By one
peak
and one
trough
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What is an example of an infradian rhythm in humans?
The female
menstrual cycle
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What are examples of circannual rhythms in animals?
Migration
and
hibernation
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How long does the menstrual cycle typically last?
28 days
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What controls the menstrual cycle?
The body's
endogenous
pacemakers
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What can influence a female's menstrual cycle?
Exogenous
zeitgebers
like
pheromones
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What does FSH stand for?
Follicle stimulating hormone
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What hormone is released during the luteal phase?
Progesterone
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What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual phase
Follicular
phase
Ovulation
phase
Luteal phase
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What marks the beginning of the menstrual phase?
The first day of the
period
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Why does the menstrual phase occur?
Because
fertilization
has not occurred
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How long does the menstrual phase typically last?
3 to 7
days
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What initiates the follicular phase?
Release of
FSH
from the
pituitary gland
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What happens to the follicles during the follicular phase?
Only the
healthiest
egg matures
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What does the maturing follicle cause to happen?
A surge in
estrogen
levels
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What is ovulation?
Release of a mature egg from the
ovary
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When does ovulation typically occur in a 28-day cycle?
Around
day 14
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What happens to the egg after ovulation?
It travels down the
fallopian
tube
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What occurs during the luteal phase?
The
corpus luteum
releases hormones
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What happens if fertilization does not occur after ovulation?
The female gets her
period
again
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What were the findings of McClintock's study on menstrual synchrony?
29
women studied over
10 years
68%
of recipients responded to
pheromones
Cycles shortened by
1.7 days
in follicular phase
Cycles lengthened by
1.4 days
in ovulatory phase
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What did Russel et al confirm about pheromones?
Pheromones can entrain
menstrual cycles
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What issue did Trevathan et al raise about McClintock's findings?
They failed to
replicate
the findings
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What confounding variables might affect menstrual synchrony?
Stress
, diet, exercise,
health conditions
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What did Reinberg's study suggest about light levels?
Light levels can influence
cycle periods
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What was the average menstrual cycle length reported by Reinberg?
25.7 days
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How does light affect serotonin levels?
Low light
decreases
serotonin levels
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What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)?
Extreme form of winter depression
Related to lack of bright light
Influences
melatonin
and
serotonin
levels
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What treatment has been shown to reduce SAD symptoms?
Light therapy
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What did Terman find about SAD prevalence?
SAD is more common in
northern
states
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What was the conclusion of Terman et al's study on light exposure?
Bright light may reset the
body clock
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What are the potential mechanisms of light therapy for SAD?
Lowers
melatonin
levels
May directly affect mood
May influence
serotonin
levels
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What type of drugs are used to treat depression related to SAD?
Prozac
and
MAOIs
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What percentage of the bright light group showed improvement in Terman's study?
60%
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What percentage of the placebo group showed improvement in Terman's study?
5%
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What is a potential genetic component in SAD?
There may be a genetic
predisposition
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