Topic 2

• What is amylase?

  An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
• Where is amylase produced?

  In the salivary glands and pancreas
• What is the function of the aorta?

  To carry oxygenated blood from the heart
• What is an artery?

  A blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
• What is the role of bile?

  To neutralize stomach acid and emulsify fats
• What is blood composed of?

  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• What is cancer?

  A disease of uncontrolled cell growth and division
• What is a capillary?

  A very thin blood vessel for substance exchange
• What is a cell?

  The basic building block of all living organisms
• What defines a communicable disease?

  A disease that can be spread between individuals
• What causes coronary heart disease?

  Buildup of fatty deposits in coronary arteries
• What are enzymes?

  Biological catalysts that speed up reactions
• What is health?

  The state of physical and mental wellbeing
• What is the function of the heart?

  To pump blood around the body
• What does lipase do?

  Breaks lipids down into fatty acids and glycerol
• What is the lock and key hypothesis?

  Substrates must fit the enzyme's active site
• What is meristem tissue?

  Plant tissue containing undifferentiated stem cells
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical reactions occurring in an organism
• What is a non-communicable disease?

  A disease that cannot be spread between individuals
• What are organs?

  Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions
• What are organ systems?

  Groups of organs working together in organisms
• What is palisade mesophyll?

  A tissue specialized for photosynthesis in leaves
• What is phloem's function?

  To transport sugars from source to sink
• What does protease do?

  Breaks proteins down into amino acids
• What is the pulmonary artery's role?

  To carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• What does the pulmonary vein do?

  Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart
• What are rates of reaction?

  The speed at which reactants become products
• What is a risk factor?

  Something that increases disease development risk
• What is spongy mesophyll?

  A tissue specialized for gas exchange in leaves
• What are statins used for?

  To reduce blood cholesterol levels
• What is a tissue?

  A group of cells with similar structure and function
• What is a stent?

  A tube that keeps blood vessels open
• What is translocation in plants?

  The movement of food molecules through phloem
• What is transpiration?

  The process of water evaporating from a plant
• What is a vein?

  A blood vessel carrying blood back to the heart
• What does the vena cava do?

  Brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• What is xylem?

  A tissue that transports water and minerals
• What are the main functions of enzymes?

  • Increase the rate of reactions
  • Lower activation energy
  • Facilitate biochemical processes
• What are the differences between communicable and non-communicable diseases?

  Communicable diseases:

  • Spread between individuals
  • Caused by pathogens

  
  

  Non-communicable diseases:

  • Cannot be spread
  • Often caused by lifestyle factors
• What are the levels of biological organisation?

  The levels of biological organisation are:

  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Organelles
  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Organ systems
  • Organisms
  • Populations
  • Communities
  • Ecosystems
  • Biosphere