industry

• What are the three main components of industrial systems?

  Inputs, processes, and outputs

  
• What are considered inputs in industrial systems?

  Raw materials, labour, energy, capital, land

  
• What activities are included in the processes of industrial systems?

  Cutting, sewing, welding, brewing, painting
• What are examples of outputs in industrial systems?

  Finished products, by-products, waste

  
• What is a by-product in industrial systems?

  A secondary product from a manufacturing process
• What is an example of a by-product from beer brewing?

  Marmite
• What is meant by continued manufacturing?

  Part manufacturing for further processing
• What is waste in the context of industrial systems?

  Unwanted material with no value
• How is manufacturing classified?

  As heavy or light industry
• What is an example of heavy industry?

  Iron and steel manufacturing
• What is an example of light industry?

  Computer manufacturing
• What can lead to heavy pollution in some industries?

  A lot of processes or processing
• What are the inputs for specialized steel production?

  Alloys such as chromium and cobalt
• What processes are involved in specialized steel production?

  Electric arc furnace, oxygen furnace, rolling
• What are the outputs of specialized steel production?

  Steel slabs, ingots, sheets, waste
• What are the impacts of specialized steel production?

  Noise, dust, air pollution, smell
• What inputs are used in iron production?

  Iron ore, coke, limestone, water
• What processes are involved in iron production?

  Blast furnace, coke oven, rolling
• What are the outputs of iron production?

  Cast iron, pig iron, slag, gases
• What are the impacts of iron production?

  Large buildings, noise, air pollution
• How are the sectors of industry interrelated?

  Industries often use multiple sectors for production
• What is the fastest-growing industry in the world?

  High-tech industry
• What do most MEDCs and NICs have regarding high-tech industry?

  At least one hub of high-tech industry
• What is a key characteristic of high-tech industry?

  High degree of research and development
• What are some outputs of high-tech industry?

  Precision instruments, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology
• What are the sectors of industry and their roles?

  • Primary: extraction of raw materials
  • Secondary: manufacturing and processing
  • Tertiary: services and distribution
  • Quaternary: research and development
• In which sector do workers who design new machines work?

  Quaternary
• In which sector do lorry drivers transporting products work?

  Tertiary
• In which sector do machine operators in a factory work?

  Secondary
• What factors influence the location of industries?

  Physical, human, and economic factors

  
• Why do industries locate near raw materials?

  To reduce transportation costs
• What is important for large factories regarding land?

  Flat, well-drained land with expansion potential
• How does climate affect industry location?

  Sunny climates reduce energy bills
• Why do energy-demanding industries relocate?

  For cheaper or readily available energy
• What role do natural routeways play in industry location?

  Provide access for inputs and outputs
• Why do some industries need to be near water supplies?

  For processes requiring large amounts of water
• How does capital influence industry location?

  Attracts investment for higher returns
• What is the significance of market size in industry location?

  Influences where industries choose to locate
• How can government influence industry location?

  Through incentives, grants, and policies
• Why is transport accessibility important for industries?

  Reduces transport costs and improves access