Memory Alevel

• What does duration refer to in memory?

  How long information can be kept
• What does capacity refer to in memory?

  How much information can be held
• What is encoding in memory?

  How information is processed and stored
• What is STM an abbreviation for?

  Short term memory
• What is LTM an abbreviation for?

  Long term memory
• What are case studies in memory research?

  In-depth studies on one person
• What is the most common method used in memory research?

  Laboratory experiments
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of research findings
• What does EWT stand for?

  Eye witness testimony
• What are the features of the multi-store model of memory?

  • Sensory register
  • Short-term memory (STM)
  • Long-term memory (LTM)
  • Coding, capacity, and duration for each store
• How can the digit span technique be used?

  To measure short-term memory capacity
• What did Brown and Peterson claim about STM duration?

  It can disappear in less than 30 seconds
• What is the procedure in the Brown and Peterson experiment?

  Count backwards after hearing trigrams
• What was Jacobs' finding on STM capacity?

  Average of 9.3 digits and 7.3 letters
• What is Miller's magic number?

  7 plus or minus 2
• How can chunking improve STM capacity?

  By grouping information into meaningful sections
• What did Peterson and Peterson (1959) study?

  The duration of short-term memory
• What did Bahrick et al. (1975) study?

  The duration of long-term memory
• What did Anokhin (1973) estimate about LTM capacity?

  It is thought to be infinite
• How is information coded in STM and LTM?

  STM codes acoustically; LTM codes semantically
• What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

  To maintain information in STM and transfer to LTM
• What are the limitations of the multi-store model of memory?

  • STM and LTM may not be unitary stores
  • Different types of LTM exist
  • STM may have separate components for visual and verbal information
• What is the Working Memory Model (WMM)?

  A model explaining active information processing in STM
• Who developed the Working Memory Model?

  Baddeley and Hitch
• What does the central executive do in the WMM?

  It manages and coordinates information processing
• What are the components of the Working Memory Model?

  Central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer
• What is the function of the phonological loop?

  To process and store auditory information
• What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  To process and store visual and spatial information
• What is the episodic buffer's role in the WMM?

  To integrate information from different sources
• Why was the WMM developed?

  To explain active processing in short-term memory
• How does the WMM differ from the multi-store model?

  WMM emphasizes active processing, MSM is passive
• What does the Working Memory Model (WMM) consist of?

  Central executive, phonological loop, VSSP, episodic buffer
• Why was the Working Memory Model developed?

  To demonstrate active processing in short-term memory
• How does the WMM differ from the multi-store model (MSM)?

  The WMM focuses on memory processes, not structure
• What is the function of the central executive in the WMM?

  Directs attention and allocates resources
• What is the capacity of the central executive?

  Very limited capacity for attention
• What does the phonological loop do?

  Stores speech-based sounds briefly
• What are the two components of the phonological loop?

  Phonological store and articulatory control process
• What is the function of the visuo-spatial sketchpad?

  Processes and stores mental images
• How does the episodic buffer function in the WMM?

  Integrates sound and visual information