Topic 3 - Particle Model of Matter

• What does the particle model of matter density indicate?

  How compact mass is for a material
• Why does a cup of iron have a higher density than a cup of cream?

  Iron has a much higher mass
• In what units do we measure density?

  Kilograms per cubic meter
• What is the equation for density?

  Density = mass / volume
• What symbol is used for density?

  The Greek letter rho
• What factors affect density?

  Particle composition and packing density
• Why is water vapor less dense than liquid water?

  Water vapor particles are more spread out
• How do you find the density of a regular object?

  Calculate volume and measure mass
• How is the volume of a cuboid calculated?

  Length × width × height
• Why might a ruler not be accurate for small measurements?

  Its resolution is likely 1 mm
• What tool is better than a ruler for measuring small lengths?

  Vernier calipers
• What is the resolution of vernier calipers?

  0.1 mm
• What tool is used for very thin objects like wires?

  Micrometer
• What is the resolution of a micrometer?

  0.01 mm
• How do you find the volume of an irregular object?

  Use water displacement method
• What is the name of the method used to find the volume of an irregular object?

  Displacement method
• Who is the displacement method named after?

  Archimedes
• What happens when you lower an object into water for displacement?

  Water level rises by object's volume
• What are the three main states of matter?

  Solid, liquid, and gas
• How do particles behave in a solid state?

  They vibrate around fixed positions
• How do particles behave in a liquid state?

  They touch but move past each other
• How do particles behave in a gas state?

  They are far apart and move randomly
• What must be supplied to melt a solid or evaporate a liquid?

  Energy, usually in the form of heat
• What happens to the temperature of ice when heat is supplied?

  It increases until melting point
• What occurs at the melting point of ice?

  Temperature remains constant until melted
• What happens to temperature when a substance changes state?

  Temperature remains constant during change
• What is internal energy?

  Sum of kinetic and potential energy
• What changes when temperature increases?

  Kinetic energy of particles increases
• What changes during a change of state?

  Potential energy of particles increases
• What is the equation for increase in thermal energy?

  ΔE = mcΔT
• When is the specific heat capacity equation used?

  For an increase in kinetic energy
• What is the equation for energy needed to change state?

  ΔE = mL
• What is the specific latent heat of fusion for water?

  334,000 J/kg
• What happens to gas particles when heated?

  They gain kinetic energy and move faster
• What results from gas particles colliding with container walls?

  Increased pressure in the container
• How can pressure be increased in a gas?

  By compressing the gas
• What is the relationship between pressure and volume at constant temperature?

  Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
• What is the equation relating pressure and volume at constant temperature?

  P1V1 = P2V2
• In what units is volume measured?

  Cubic meters (m³)
• In what units is pressure measured?

  Newtons per square meter (N/m²)