Pathways

• What is the location of the red nucleus?


  Midbrain
• What is the primary function of the rubrospinal tract?


  Innervates contralateral muscle control
• From where does the rubrospinal tract originate?


  Red nucleus in the midbrain
• Which body part does the rubrospinal tract primarily project to?


  Spinal cord
• How does the right rubrospinal tract affect the body?


  Controls the left side of the body
• What are the two types of reticulospinal tracts?

  Medial and lateral reticulospinal tracts
• Where does the medial reticulospinal tract originate?


  Pons in the brain stem
• What is the function of the medial reticulospinal tract?


  Facilitates postural and gross limb movement
• What does the lateral reticulospinal tract inhibit?

  Postural control and gross limb movement
• What type of proprioception does the spinocerebellar tract convey?


  Unconscious proprioception
• How many tracts are in the spinocerebellar tract?

  Two tracts
• Where does the spinocerebellar tract stop?


  Cerebellum
• What is the primary function of the vestibular system?


  Balance and spatial orientation
• What type of communication occurs in the vestibular system?

  Two-way communication
• What is the primary sensory function of the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway?


  Conscious proprioception and discriminatory touch
• Where does the second-order neuron cross over in the posterior column medial lemniscus pathway?


  Medulla
• What does the spinothalamic pathway primarily transmit?


  Pain and temperature sensations
• What is the function of the anterior spinothalamic tract?


  Transmits tickle, itch, and crude touch
• How does the anterior spinothalamic tract differ from the lateral spinothalamic tract?


  Anterior transmits crude touch; lateral transmits pain
• What is the main function of the anterior corticospinal tract?


  Voluntary movement control
• What percentage of fibers in the anterior corticospinal tract do not cross over?


  10%
• What is the primary function of the lateral corticospinal tract?


  Sending messages for muscle contraction
• What percentage of fibers in the lateral corticospinal tract cross over?


  90%
• What are the functions of the supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and association cortex?


  • Supplementary motor area: motor planning, bimanual tasks
  • Premotor cortex: motor planning for trunk muscles
  • Association cortex: executive function, memory, decision-making
• What is the role of Broca's area and Wernicke's area?

  • Broca's area: controls muscles for speech production
  • Wernicke's area: comprehension of speech and language
• What is the function of the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory area?


  • Primary motor cortex: voluntary muscle movement
  • Primary somatosensory area: processes sensory information intensity and location
• What is the function of the sensory association cortex?


  • Performs complex analysis of sensation
  • Involves stereognosis and reading comprehension
• What is the role of the prefrontal cortex?


  • Directs motor areas output
  • Involved in decision-making to move