Surgery

• What was a limitation of surgery in medieval times?

  Operated without effective painkillers
• What did medieval surgeons not understand about dirt?

  Dirt carried disease
• What type of wounds could medieval surgery not help with?

  Deep wounds to the body
• What were some common medieval surgical procedures?

  • Bloodletting to balance humors
  • Amputation of damaged body parts
  • Trepanning (drilling into the skull)
  • Cauterisation (burning wounds with heated iron)
• What was the role of barber surgeons in medieval times?

  Performed minor surgeries while cutting hair
• Who was John Arderne?

  First English surgeon
• What type of growths did John Arderne remove?

  Growths from inside patients' anus
• What was the survival rate for patients treated by John Arderne?

  50%
• What pain relief method did John Arderne use?

  Hemlock
• What condition did John Arderne treat besides growths?

  Fistulas (swelling inside the body)
• How did the Church affect human dissection?

  Made it difficult for scholars to dissect
• What type of dissections were most common due to Church restrictions?

  Animal dissections
• Why did both Islamic and Christian faiths restrict dissections?

  Did not allow cutting open bodies
• How did war contribute to medical knowledge?

  Improved knowledge of the human body
• What did John Arderne write about?

  Shared his surgical methods
• What surgical technique did John Arderne use on the battlefield?

  Cauterisation of wounds
• What was Galen's work based on?

  Animal dissections
• Why was Galen's work considered incorrect?

  Based on animal rather than human dissections
• What did the Church say about Galen's ideas?

  All were correct due to supporting creationism
• What were the key limitations and advancements in medieval surgery?

  Limitations:

  • Lack of effective painkillers
  • Misunderstanding of disease transmission
  • Inability to treat deep wounds

  
  

  Advancements:

  • Development of surgical techniques during war
  • John Arderne's contributions to surgery