Multi Store Model

• What is the definition of memory?

  A system of retaining information
• What are the three stores in Atkinson and Shiffrin's Multi-store model?

  Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory
• What is the capacity of short-term memory (STM)?

  5-9 items
• What is the duration of short-term memory (STM)?

  18-30 seconds
• How is information coded in short-term memory (STM)?

  Primarily acoustically
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  Repeating information to keep it in STM
• What is elaborative rehearsal?

  Connecting new information to existing knowledge
• What is the capacity of long-term memory (LTM)?

  Unlimited capacity
• What is the duration of long-term memory (LTM)?

  Potentially a lifetime
• How is information coded in long-term memory (LTM)?

  Semantically, giving it meaning
• What is the duration of sensory register (SR)?

  Less than 0.5 seconds
• What is the capacity of sensory register (SR)?

  Unlimited or large capacity
• What happens to unattended information in the sensory register?

  It gets lost
• What is the digit span technique?

  A method to test STM capacity
• What did Jacobs' study find about digit span?

  Mean digit span is 7.3 for letters
• What did Miller conclude about STM capacity?

  7 plus or minus 2 bits of information
• What did Peterson and Peterson's study investigate?

  Duration of short-term memory
• What was the conclusion of Peterson and Peterson's study?

  STM duration is around 18-30 seconds
• What did Bahrick et al. (1975) study focus on?

  Duration of long-term memory
• What were the findings of Bahrick et al.'s study?

  High accuracy in photo recognition over time
• What is a weakness of memory studies like Baddeley's?

  Use of artificial and meaningless stimuli
• What is a potential issue with Peterson's study?

  Lack of internal validity due to task interference
• What is a concern regarding Jacobs' study's temporal validity?

  Conducted a long time ago, less rigorous
• What is a limitation of Bahrick's study?

  Hard to control variables in real-life settings
• What is the duration of short-term memory according to the MSM?

  18-30 seconds
• What is the duration of long-term memory according to the MSM?

  Potentially a lifetime
• What is the process called when information is recalled from LTM to STM?

  Retrieval
• What is the coding method for STM according to Baddeley's study?

  Acoustic coding
• What is the coding method for LTM according to Baddeley's study?

  Semantic coding
• What is the significance of chunking in memory?

  It helps increase STM capacity
• What is the main finding of Miller's research?

  STM capacity is 7 plus or minus 2
• What is the main focus of memory research?

  Understanding how memory works and its limitations
• What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

  To maintain information in STM and transfer to LTM
• What is the impact of misleading information on eyewitness testimony?

  It can distort memory recall
• What is the effect of anxiety on eyewitness testimony?

  It can negatively impact memory accuracy
• What is the purpose of the cognitive interview?

  To enhance the accuracy of eyewitness testimony
• What is the significance of the sensory register in memory?

  It briefly holds information from senses
• What is the role of attention in the sensory register?

  It determines what information is passed on
• What is the main limitation of using artificial stimuli in memory research?

  They lack ecological validity
• What is the importance of meaningful material in memory studies?

  It enhances external validity