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Biology Paper 1
1.A. Biological Molecules
Lipids
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Created by
Myla Phillips Vessey
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Cards (22)
What are lipids commonly known as?
Fats or
oils
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Where are lipids found?
In
all
cells
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How do lipids differ from proteins and carbohydrates?
They are
not
polymers formed from
monomers
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What do all
lipids
contain?
Hydrocarbons
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What are the two types of lipids mentioned?
Triglycerides
and
phospholipids
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What is the structure of triglycerides?
One
glycerol
and three
fatty acids
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What characteristic do fatty acid tails have?
They are
hydrophobic
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What do all fatty acids consist of?
The
same
basic
structure
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What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated have no
double bonds
; unsaturated do
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What is formed during triglyceride formation?
An
ester bond
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What is released during the formation of triglycerides?
A
molecule
of water
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What is the role of phospholipids in cell membranes?
They make up the
bilayer
of membranes
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How do phospholipids arrange themselves in water?
Heads
face water;
tails
face inward
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What does the emulsion test indicate?
The presence of
lipids
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What are the properties of triglycerides and phospholipids related to their structures?
Triglycerides:
Energy storage
molecules
Insoluble in water
Contain long hydrocarbon tails
Phospholipids:
Form bilayer in
cell membranes
Hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
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Why are triglycerides good for energy storage?
They contain lots of
chemical energy
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How do triglycerides affect water potential in cells?
They don't affect water potential
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How does the structure of phospholipids contribute to their function in cell membranes?
Hydrophilic
heads face water;
tails
repel it
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What happens to the color of the solution in the emulsion test if lipids are present?
It turns milky
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What does the presence of more lipids indicate in the emulsion test?
More
noticeable
milky
color
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What is the main function of phospholipids in cell membranes?
Control what enters and leaves the cell
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What is the significance of the hydrophobic center of the phospholipid bilayer?
It prevents
water-soluble
substances from passing
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