Conservation of energy

• What happens to an object's thermal energy store when it is heated?

  Energy is transferred to its thermal energy store.
• What are the three ways heat can be transferred depending on the medium involved?

  Conduction in solids, convection in fluids, and radiation in empty space.
• How is heat transferred in solids?

  Heat is transferred by conduction.
• How is heat transferred in fluids?

  Heat is transferred by convection.
• How is heat transferred through empty space?

  Heat is transferred in the form of radiation.
• What is the key idea behind conduction?

  Vibrating particles transfer energy to neighboring particles.
• What happens when one end of a piece of metal is heated with a Bunsen burner?

  Energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the particles at that end.
• What occurs to the particles in the metal when they are heated?

  The particles vibrate faster and collide with neighboring particles more often.
• What is thermal conductivity?

  It is how well objects transfer energy by conduction.
• Which materials have high thermal conductivity?

  Metals have high thermal conductivity.
• Why are plastics used as insulators?

  Because they have low thermal conductivity.
• In which mediums does convection occur?

  Convection occurs mainly in fluids, which include both liquids and gases.
• What happens to particles in fluids when they are heated?

  They gain kinetic energy and move around faster.
• What occurs to the density of heated fluid particles?

  They become less dense and rise above cooler particles.
• What is a convection current?

  A convection current is the cycle of rising warm particles and sinking cooler particles in a fluid.
• Where can convection currents be observed in real life?

  In oceans and inside buildings with radiators.
• How can convection be reduced?

  By stopping the free flow of fluids, such as using a blanket.
• What do conduction and convection have in common?

  Both involve particles gaining kinetic energy.
• How is heat energy transferred without particles?

  Through radiation, specifically by infrared waves.
• What happens to all objects regarding radiation?

  All objects constantly absorb and emit radiation.
• How does the temperature of an object affect its radiation emission?

  The hotter the object, the more radiation it emits.
• Why does it feel hot to put your hand over a barbecue?

  Because the hot metal and coal emit infrared radiation that is absorbed by your hand.
• What type of radiation is specifically mentioned in the context of heat transfer?

  Infrared radiation.
• What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

  The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared radiation.
• What are the three methods of heat transfer and their mediums?

  • Conduction: Solids
  • Convection: Fluids (liquids and gases)
  • Radiation: Empty space
• Describe the process of convection in fluids.

  1. Heated particles gain kinetic energy and spread out.
  2. Less dense particles rise, while cooler particles sink.
  3. This creates a convection current.
• What is the difference between conduction and convection?

  • Conduction: Energy transfer between particles without movement.
  • Convection: Energy transfer involving the movement of particles.
• What is the relationship between temperature and radiation emission?

  • Hotter objects emit more radiation.
  • All objects absorb and emit radiation simultaneously.