metals and non metals

• Where are most metals located on the periodic table?

  Most elements are found towards the bottom left of the periodic table.
• What is a key feature of metals when they react?

  Metals form positive ions when they react.
• How do non-metals behave in terms of ion formation?

  Non-metals either do not form ions or form negative ions.
• Why do atoms need a full outer shell of electrons?

  Atoms need a full outer shell of electrons to be stable.
• How many electrons does calcium have in its outer shell?

  Calcium has two electrons in its outer shell.
• Why is it easier for calcium to form a positive ion?

  Calcium can easily lose its two outer electrons to form a positive ion.
• Why is it difficult for chlorine to become a positive ion?

  Chlorine would need to lose all seven of its outer electrons, which requires a lot of energy.
• How does the reactivity of metals change down the periodic table?

  Metals tend to become more reactive towards the bottom of the periodic table.
• What is the reason for increased reactivity in metals lower in the periodic table?

  Elements lower in the table have more electron shells, making it easier to lose outer electrons.
• Why do electrons in the outermost shell of lower metals lose their electrons more easily?

  Electrons in the outermost shell are farther from the nucleus, which weakens the nucleus's hold on them.
• What are the physical properties of metals?

  • Strong metallic bonding
  • Malleable (can be bent or hammered)
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Shiny appearance
  • Sonorous (create a ringing sound)
• What is metallic bonding?

  Metallic bonding is a special type of bond that only metals have.
• What is a characteristic of non-metals compared to metals?

  Non-metals tend to be dull in color and brittle.
• What is a common physical property of non-metals?

  Non-metals generally have low melting and boiling points.
• How do non-metals compare to metals in terms of electrical conductivity?

  Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity.
• How do the densities of non-metals compare to metals?

  Non-metals generally have lower densities than metals.
• What are the properties of transition metals?

  • Found in the center of the periodic table
  • Exhibit typical metal properties
  • Can form more than one ion (e.g., chromium can form +2, +3, and +6 ions)
  • Often have colored ions
  • Make good catalysts
• What is a practical feature of transition metals?

  Transition metals make very good catalysts.
• What is a catalyst?

  A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up itself.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the Haber process?

  Iron is an important catalyst in the Haber process.
• What is an example of a catalyst used in the hydrogenation of alkenes?

  Nickel is used in the hydrogenation of alkenes.