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Chemistry paper 2
chemistry of the atmosphere
the evolution of the atmosphere
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Cards (20)
What is the composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
About
80%
nitrogen
and
20%
oxygen
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What gases make up less than one percent of the Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
,
water vapor
,
noble gases
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What role did volcanic activity play in the early atmosphere?
It created a
carbon dioxide-rich
atmosphere
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What organisms helped reduce carbon dioxide and increase oxygen?
Algae
and
green plants
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Why is the evolution of the atmosphere considered a theory?
It is supported by evidence but not
definitive
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How long has the Earth existed?
About
4.6 billion years
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What was the early atmosphere mostly composed of?
Mostly
carbon dioxide
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What happened as water vapor condensed in the early atmosphere?
It formed
oceans
that dissolved
carbon dioxide
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How did algae and plants affect atmospheric composition over time?
They decreased
carbon dioxide
and increased
oxygen
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What process do algae and green plants use to produce oxygen?
Photosynthesis
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What happens to algae and plants when they die?
They become buried and form
sedimentary rock
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What types of fossil fuels are formed from dead plankton?
Crude oil
and
natural gas
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What is coal primarily made from?
Thick deposits of dead
plant material
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What is limestone mostly composed of?
Calcium carbonate
from
marine
organisms
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What are the major changes in Earth's atmosphere over billions of years?
Intense
volcanic activity
produced
carbon dioxide
Water vapor condensed to form oceans
Algae and plants evolved, reducing
CO2
and increasing O2
Sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels formed from dead organisms
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What is the significance of sedimentary rock and fossil fuels in relation to the atmosphere?
They trap
carbon
and prevent it from re-entering
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What is the current major composition of the Earth's atmosphere?
Mostly
oxygen
and
nitrogen
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What allowed more complex life forms to evolve?
Increased
oxygen levels
in the atmosphere
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What is the time frame for the evolution of algae and green plants?
About
2.7 billion years
ago
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What is the relationship between photosynthesis and atmospheric gases?
Photosynthesis consumes
CO2
and produces O2
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