the impact of EU law

• What treaty established the framework for EU law in the UK?

  Treaty of Rome 1972
• How were UK statutes interpreted in relation to EU law before Brexit?

  They were read as compatible with EU law
• What happened to European Law in case of conflict with domestic law pre-Brexit?

  European Law prevailed over domestic law
• What case did Lord Denning reference regarding European Law's influence?

  Bulmer v Bollinger [1974]
• What metaphor did Lord Denning use to describe the influence of the Treaty?

  The Treaty is like an incoming tide
• What did Lord Denning state about the Treaty’s force compared to statutes?

  The Treaty is equal in force to any Statute
• What changed regarding EU law after Brexit?

  New EU Law does not apply in the UK
• What does the EU (Withdrawal) Act 2018 state about existing EU law?

  It remains in force until repealed
• When did the UK leave the EU?

  31st December 2020
• What is retained EU law?

  • EU law existing in the UK at Brexit
  • Remains in force until specifically repealed
• What are examples of retained EU law?

  • Domestic law implementing EU Regulations
  • Directly applicable EU Law (e.g., GDPR)
  • Directly effective Treaty Rights
  • General principles of EU Law
• s3(6) EU Withdrawal Act 2018 states that retained EU law shall be interpreted in accordance with any relevant retained case law and retained EU principles principle