validity

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask?

  Is it true and accurate?
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are the two types of validity discussed in psychological research?

  Internal and external validity
• What does questioning internal validity involve?

  Assessing if the independent variable caused the change
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does external validity assess?

  If findings can be generalized to real-world behavior
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizing findings to other settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How close a task is to real-life situations
• Why might laboratory studies lack ecological validity?

  Behavior may be unusual in artificial settings
• What is population validity?

  Generalizing findings from a sample to a population
• What is temporal validity concerned with?

  If findings apply across different time periods
• What is face validity?

  Does the measure appear to assess what it claims?
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparing a new test to an established one
• What correlation indicates high concurrent validity?

  $0.8$ or higher
• What is predictive validity?

  Accurate predictions based on test results
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables
• What technique can improve external validity?

  Replication in different settings
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By replicating studies in modern contexts
• What is the purpose of peer review in research?

  To reduce bias and improve study quality
• Why is it important to include diverse samples?

  To improve population validity
• What is the significance of Milgram's study in terms of ecological validity?

  It showed obedience in varied settings
• How do replications of Ainsworth's studies contribute to validity?

  They demonstrate population validity across cultures
• What are the main types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity
  • External validity
  • Ecological validity
  • Population validity
  • Temporal validity
  • Face validity
  • Concurrent validity
  • Predictive validity
• What are the common threats to internal validity?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Demand characteristics
  • Investigator effects
  • Researcher bias
  • Poorly controlled studies
• What factors can affect external validity?

  • Setting of the study
  • Task realism
  • Sample demographics
  • Timing of the study
• How can researchers improve the validity of their studies?

  • Use random allocation
  • Implement standardized procedures
  • Control extraneous variables
  • Replicate studies in diverse settings
• What are the implications of low population validity?

  • Results may not apply to broader populations
  • Risk of gender and culture bias
  • Findings may misrepresent typical behavior
• What is the role of patreon supporters in the development of educational content?

  • Provide funding for resources
  • Support content creation
  • Enable part-time teaching efforts