properties of electromagnetic waves 1

• What type of wave are electromagnetic waves?

  Transverse wave
• How are electromagnetic waves propagated?

  By oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other and to the direction of motion
• Can electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum?

  Yes
• What is the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

  $3 \times 10^8$ metres per second
• How are different types of electromagnetic waves distinguished?

  By their wavelengths and frequencies
• What does the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave relate to?

  Intensity or brightness
• What is the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave?

  Distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs
• What is the frequency of an electromagnetic wave?

  Number of wave cycles passing a point per unit time
• How can the speed of an electromagnetic wave be calculated?

  By multiplying wavelength by frequency
• What is the speed of all electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

  Speed of light
• What can happen to electromagnetic waves when they encounter a medium?

  Reflected, transmitted, or absorbed
• What happens to electromagnetic waves when they pass from one medium to another?

  They can be refracted or bent
• What is polarization in the context of electromagnetic waves?

  Direction of their transverse vibrations
• What is a common use of polarization in electromagnetic waves?

  Filter or limit transmission
• What is a common application of radio waves?

  Broadcasting
• What is a common application of gamma rays?

  Cancer treatment
• What happens when electromagnetic waves transfer energy to matter?

  Heating of the matter
• What determines the amount of energy transferred by an electromagnetic wave?

  Frequency
• Which type of electromagnetic wave transfers more energy?

  Higher-frequency waves
• What are the properties and behavior of electromagnetic waves?

  • Transverse waves
  • Propagated by oscillating electric and magnetic fields
  • Can travel through a vacuum
  • Travel at the speed of light ($3 \times 10^8$ m/s)
  • Distinguished by wavelength and frequency
  • Amplitude relates to intensity or brightness
  • Can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, refracted, or polarized
• What are the applications and effects of different types of electromagnetic waves?

  • Radio waves: Broadcasting
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Energy transfer to matter: Heating
  • Higher-frequency waves transfer more energy
• How is the speed of electromagnetic waves calculated?

  Speed = Wavelength × Frequency

  In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light ($3 \times 10^8$ m/s)
• What is polarization in electromagnetic waves?

  • Describes the direction of transverse vibrations
  • Can be used to filter or limit transmission
• What happens when electromagnetic waves transfer energy to matter?

  • Energy is transferred, often resulting in heating
  • Amount of energy depends on frequency
• What are the key differences between electromagnetic waves and sound or water waves?

  • Electromagnetic waves are transverse; sound waves are longitudinal
  • Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum; sound waves require a medium
  • Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light; sound waves travel slower
• What are the key properties of electromagnetic waves?

  • Transverse nature
  • Propagation via electric and magnetic fields
  • Ability to travel through a vacuum
  • Speed of light in a vacuum
  • Wavelength and frequency determine type
  • Can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, refracted, or polarized
• What are the key applications of electromagnetic waves?

  • Radio waves: Broadcasting
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Energy transfer: Heating
  • Polarization: Filtering or limiting transmission
• What are the key effects of electromagnetic waves on matter?

  • Energy transfer leading to heating
  • Higher-frequency waves transfer more energy
  • Polarization can filter or limit transmission
• What are the key properties of electromagnetic waves?

  • Transverse nature
  • Propagation via electric and magnetic fields
  • Ability to travel through a vacuum
  • Speed of light in a vacuum
  • Wavelength and frequency determine type
  • Can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, refracted, or polarized
• What are the key differences between electromagnetic waves and other types of waves?

  • Electromagnetic waves are transverse; sound waves are longitudinal
  • Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum; sound waves require a medium
  • Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light; sound waves travel slower
• What are the key applications of electromagnetic waves?

  • Radio waves: Broadcasting
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Energy transfer: Heating
  • Polarization: Filtering or limiting transmission
• What are the key effects of electromagnetic waves on matter?

  • Energy transfer leading to heating
  • Higher-frequency waves transfer more energy
  • Polarization can filter or limit transmission
• What are the key differences between electromagnetic waves and other types of waves?

  • Electromagnetic waves are transverse; sound waves are longitudinal
  • Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum; sound waves require a medium
  • Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light; sound waves travel slower
• What are the key properties of electromagnetic waves?

  • Transverse nature
  • Propagation via electric and magnetic fields
  • Ability to travel through a vacuum
  • Speed of light in a vacuum
  • Wavelength and frequency determine type
  • Can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, refracted, or polarized
• What are the key applications of electromagnetic waves?

  • Radio waves: Broadcasting
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Energy transfer: Heating
  • Polarization: Filtering or limiting transmission
• What are the key effects of electromagnetic waves on matter?

  • Energy transfer leading to heating
  • Higher-frequency waves transfer more energy
  • Polarization can filter or limit transmission
• What are the key differences between electromagnetic waves and other types of waves?

  • Electromagnetic waves are transverse; sound waves are longitudinal
  • Electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum; sound waves require a medium
  • Electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light; sound waves travel slower
• What are the key properties of electromagnetic waves?

  • Transverse nature
  • Propagation via electric and magnetic fields
  • Ability to travel through a vacuum
  • Speed of light in a vacuum
  • Wavelength and frequency determine type
  • Can be reflected, transmitted, absorbed, refracted, or polarized
• What are the key applications of electromagnetic waves?

  • Radio waves: Broadcasting
  • Gamma rays: Cancer treatment
  • Energy transfer: Heating
  • Polarization: Filtering or limiting transmission
• What are the key effects of electromagnetic waves on matter?

  • Energy transfer leading to heating
  • Higher-frequency waves transfer more energy
  • Polarization can filter or limit transmission