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chemistry
c1 atomic structure
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lily roberts
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Cards (70)
What are substances made of?
Atoms
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How are different types of atoms represented?
In the
periodic table
by a
symbol
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What is a compound?
A substance with two or more different
atoms
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What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
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How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?
Two
hydrogen atoms
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What does it mean if there's no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?
There is an
invisible
one
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What do chemical reactions change?
What
atoms
are
bonded
and how
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How can we represent a chemical reaction?
With a
word equation
and a
chemical equation
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What must be true about the number of atoms in a chemical reaction?
They must be the same on both sides
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What is the first step in balancing chemical equations?
Start with atoms only in
compounds
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How do you balance hydrogen atoms in a reaction?
Put a number in front of
H2O
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What happens when you double the O2 in a reaction?
It balances the
oxygen atoms
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What is a mixture?
A combination of
elements
and
compounds
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What is an example of a mixture?
Air
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How can you separate sand from water?
Using
filtration
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What does crystallization do?
Leaves a
solute
behind after
evaporation
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What is distillation used for?
To separate liquids with different
boiling points
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What is fractional distillation?
Heating and cooling to separate
liquids
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Why are melting and evaporation considered physical changes?
No new
substances
are made
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What are the three main states of matter?
Solid
,
liquid
, and gas
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How do particles behave in a solid?
They vibrate around fixed
positions
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How do particles behave in a gas?
They move
randomly
and are far apart
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What must be supplied to melt or evaporate a substance?
Energy
, usually in the form of heat
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What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?
The state of a
substance
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What does the symbol (s) represent?
Solid
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What does the symbol (l) represent?
Liquid
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What does the symbol (g) represent?
Gas
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What does the symbol (aq) represent?
Aqueous
or dissolved in solution
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Who discovered that atoms are made of positive and negative charges?
JJ Thompson
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What model did JJ Thompson propose?
The
plum pudding model
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Who discovered the nucleus of the atom?
Ernest Rutherford
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What did Rutherford's experiment with gold atoms show?
Atoms
are
mostly
empty space
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Who discovered electron shells?
Neils
Bohr
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What did James Chadwick discover?
The
neutron
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What charge do protons have?
Plus one
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What charge do electrons have?
Minus one
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What charge do neutrons have?
Zero
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What is the atomic number?
The number of
protons
in the
nucleus
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What does the mass number indicate?
Protons and neutrons in the
nucleus
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What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different
neutrons
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