c1 atomic structure

Cards (70)

  • What are substances made of?
    Atoms
  • How are different types of atoms represented?
    In the periodic table by a symbol
  • What is a compound?
    A substance with two or more different atoms
  • What is the chemical formula for water?
    H2O
  • How many hydrogen atoms are in one water molecule?
    Two hydrogen atoms
  • What does it mean if there's no number after a symbol in a chemical formula?
    There is an invisible one
  • What do chemical reactions change?
    What atoms are bonded and how
  • How can we represent a chemical reaction?
    With a word equation and a chemical equation
  • What must be true about the number of atoms in a chemical reaction?
    They must be the same on both sides
  • What is the first step in balancing chemical equations?
    Start with atoms only in compounds
  • How do you balance hydrogen atoms in a reaction?
    Put a number in front of H2O
  • What happens when you double the O2 in a reaction?
    It balances the oxygen atoms
  • What is a mixture?
    A combination of elements and compounds
  • What is an example of a mixture?
    Air
  • How can you separate sand from water?
    Using filtration
  • What does crystallization do?
    Leaves a solute behind after evaporation
  • What is distillation used for?
    To separate liquids with different boiling points
  • What is fractional distillation?
    Heating and cooling to separate liquids
  • Why are melting and evaporation considered physical changes?
    No new substances are made
  • What are the three main states of matter?
    Solid, liquid, and gas
  • How do particles behave in a solid?
    They vibrate around fixed positions
  • How do particles behave in a gas?
    They move randomly and are far apart
  • What must be supplied to melt or evaporate a substance?
    Energy, usually in the form of heat
  • What do state symbols indicate in chemical equations?
    The state of a substance
  • What does the symbol (s) represent?
    Solid
  • What does the symbol (l) represent?
    Liquid
  • What does the symbol (g) represent?
    Gas
  • What does the symbol (aq) represent?
    Aqueous or dissolved in solution
  • Who discovered that atoms are made of positive and negative charges?
    JJ Thompson
  • What model did JJ Thompson propose?
    The plum pudding model
  • Who discovered the nucleus of the atom?
    Ernest Rutherford
  • What did Rutherford's experiment with gold atoms show?
    Atoms are mostly empty space
  • Who discovered electron shells?
    Neils Bohr
  • What did James Chadwick discover?
    The neutron
  • What charge do protons have?
    Plus one
  • What charge do electrons have?
    Minus one
  • What charge do neutrons have?
    Zero
  • What is the atomic number?
    The number of protons in the nucleus
  • What does the mass number indicate?
    Protons and neutrons in the nucleus
  • What are isotopes?
    Atoms of the same element with different neutrons