learning

• What is the impact of media on gender-role stereotypes?

  Media has a monumental impact
• How does Bandura's theory relate to gender roles?

  It emphasizes modeling gender-typical behaviors
• What type of models does online media increasingly provide?

  Gender-atypical models
• What is vicarious reinforcement in media influence?

  Indirectly experiencing consequences of behaviors
• Why are observers more likely to imitate gender-atypical models?

  When they identify with them
• What is an example of a "beauty blog" on Instagram?

  Many Mult
• What do beauty blogs promote regarding masculinity?

  They promote an image of masculinity
• Who are two artists that challenged gender norms?

  Elton John and David Bowie
• What is the social learning theory in relation to gender?

  • Behavior acquired through observation
  • Involves modeling and imitation
  • Includes vicarious reinforcement
• How do parents influence gender roles?

  Through modeling and vicarious reinforcement
• What is an example of modeling in gender roles?

  Dad doing housework
• What is an example of vicarious reinforcement in gender roles?

  Mom doing construction
• What societal factors influence gender roles?

  Opinions and choices regarding roles
• What are examples of gender role influences in society?

  • Housework distribution
  • Clothing choices
  • Toy preferences (dinosaur vs. princess)
  • Sports encouragement
• What is operant conditioning in the context of gender roles?

  Rewards and punishments shape behavior
• How do children typically behave regarding gender roles?

  They behave in ways considered typical
• What is differential reinforcement?

  Rewarding boys and girls differently
• What do "baby X" studies investigate?

  Adult behaviors with gender-neutral children
• What was a finding from the "baby X" studies?

  Majority chose gender-stereotyped toys
• How did volunteers behave with "baby X" in the studies?

  They were more physical with "boy"
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the learning approach to gender?

  Strengths:

  • Explains how gender can change over time
  • Provides a convincing explanation of gender formation

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Distinction between male and female norms is unclear
  • Children are more active than suggested
  • More factors influence gender than just observation