The Kidneys

• What do kidneys do?

  Make urine by taking waste products and other unwanted substances out of the blood
• What is a filtration in kidneys?


  Substances are filtered out of the blood as it passes through the kidneys
• What is a process when useful substances are reabsorbed back into the blood?

  Selective reabsorption
• Which useful substances are absorbed back into the blood?

  Glucose, some ions and the right amound amount of water
• Which substances are remobed from the body through urine?

  Urea, Ions and water
• What happens to an exces of amino acids?

  They are converted into fats and carbohydrates
• Where does the process of amino acids` conversion occurs and how is this process called?

  This occurs in liver and it is called deamination
• What is an ammonia?

  It is a waste product produces from deamination
• Why ammonia needs to be excreted from the body?

  Because it`s toxic, so it is converted into urea and it is transported to the kidneys
• Why is it bad if the ion or water content is wrong?

  This could upset the balance between ions and water
• What if the ions and water content are unbalanced?

  Too much or too little water is drawn into cells by osmosis
• How are some ions lost?

  In sweat
• what is a name for a hormone what controlls the concentration of urine?

  ADH
• What does ADH stand for?

  Anti-diuretic hormone
• How is it released in bloodstream?

  Pituitary gland
• What does monitor the water contend of the blood?

  Brain
• If there is higher concentration of water in blood plasma less ADH will be produces so kidney tubulus are less permeable to water, therefore less water reabsorbed and water ouput will be higher and urine more dilute
• If there is lower concentration of water in blood plasma, more ADH will be released and more water will be reabsorbed, as kidney tubulus are more permeable to water, so water output will be lower

  and urine more concentrated