B11 - Hormonal coordination

• what is the endocrine system

  a second co-ordination system
• what are the main glands of the endocrine system

  Pituitary

  Thyroid

  Pancreas

  Adrenal

  Ovaries

  Testes
• what are hormones

  chemical messengers that travel via the blood to their target organ where it produces an effect
• what are some hormones that give rapid responses

  insulin

  adrenaline
• what are some slow-acting hormones

  growth & sex hormones
• What is the master gland

  Pituitary gland
• What is the role of the Pituitary gland

  Controls growth in children

  Stimulates Thyroid to make thyroxine

  Stimulates the ovaries to release egg

  Stimulates the testes to make sperm
• What is the role of the Thyroid

  to make thyroxine and control the metabolic rate
• What is the role of the pancreas

  Control levels of glucose in the body
• What is the role of the adrenal gland

  Stimulate the 'fight or flight' response
• What is the function of the ovaries

  Controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics

  Release the egg
• what is the role of the testes

  Production of sperm
• label diagram

  this

  A) Thyroid gland

  B) pituitary gland

  C) adrenal gland

  D) ovary (female)

  E) testi (male)

  F) pancreas

  
• how does your body stabilise blood glucose after you eat?

  produces insulin, which carries the glucose from your blood into the cell for respiration
• what happens to your blood glucose after you eat

  it increases
• which gland produces insulin

  Pancreas
• what is soluble glucose made into

  insoluble carbohydrates (glycogen)
• what is glycogen

  insoluble carbohydrates which are stored in the body for when you need glucose
• What happens with access glucose?

  Turns into lipids and is stored in the body. this makes you obese
• what happens when blood glucose drops?

  the pancreas releases glycogen, which is broken down into glucose
• What is the process of turning glycogen into glucose called?

  Negative feedback control
• What causes type 1 diabetes

  Your body not being able to make insulin, meaning your blood glucose isn't controlled. it is genetically passed
• What causes Type 2 diabetes

  Obesity, lack of exercise.

  your body is unable to make the amount of insulin you need to control your blood glucose concentration
• How can you treat Type 1 diabetes

  • inject insulin before meals
  • Tracking your diet
  • exercise (to keep blood vessels healthy)
• How can we cure Type 1 diabetes

  Pancreas transplant
• How can we treat type 2 diabetes

  • eating balanced diets
  • losing weight
  • regular exercise
  • drugs that help insulin work better
  • drugs that make the pancreas make more insulin
  • drugs that decrease the amount of insulin you absorb
• What is negative feedback

  If something in the internal environment changes, negative feedback works on restoring to the original levels
• how is thyroxine produced

  The thyroid gland uses iodine from your diet to produce thyroxine
• How does negative feedback work concerning Thyroxine

  When levels of Thyroxine drop, your sensors detect it, which makes the pituitary gland release more TSH to produce thyroxine
• Why is the use of adrenaline not considered a negative feedback loop?

  Once the body calms down, the adrenal gland stops producing adrenalin therefore stops the effect
• What do we develop during puberty

  secondary sexual characteristics
• how long is the menstrual cycle

  28 days
• What is the phase of the menstrual cycle where the egg mature egg is released called?

  Ovulation
• Which hormone stimulates the release of the mature egg

  luteinising hormone (LH)
• What happens after day 14 in the menstrual cycle?

  The uterus lining and the egg shed
• Which hormone fertilises the egg in the menstrual cycle

  follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Label the vagaina

  here:

  A) ovary (egg matures here)

  B) cervix ( entrance to the uterus )

  C) vagina (receives sperm )

  D) uterus (fetus develop pes here)

  E) Fallopian tube (where the gg travels to the uterus

  
• Label the penis

  here:

  A) Seminal vesicle

  B) sperm duct (carries sperm to uterus)

  C) penis goes into vagaina

  D) urethra

  E) scortum ( makes sure there is maximum sperm production

  F) testes

  G) prostate gland

  
• where does the egg mature

  in the follicles of the ovarys
• How is oestrogen made

  oestrogen is made when the ovaries are stimulated and release it