Milgram

• What was the main finding of Milgram's obedience experiment?

  Ordinary people obey authority figures
• What did participants do in Milgram's experiment?

  Administer electric shocks to a learner
• What ethical concerns were raised about Milgram's study?

  Participants experienced significant distress
• What is meant by "lack of ecological validity" in Milgram's study?


  The artificial setting does not reflect real life
• What was a limitation of Milgram's sample?

  It consisted only of white, Western males
• How did Sheridan and King's study differ from Milgram's?

  They used a live puppy instead of a human learner
• What were the results of Sheridan and King's study?

  20 out of 26 participants obeyed commands
• What do Sheridan and King's findings suggest about Milgram's conclusions?

  People obey authority even when causing harm
• What gender differences were observed in Sheridan and King's study?

  All female participants obeyed, some males did not
• How does Milgram's study contribute to our understanding of obedience?

  It shows situational factors influence behavior
• What real-world implications arise from Milgram's findings?

  Ordinary people can commit acts of cruelty
• Why is Milgram's study considered ethnocentric?

  It only included white Western males
• What does "lack of ecological validity" mean in Milgram's context?

  Artificial setting may not reflect real behavior
• What critique did Orne and Holland raise about Milgram's design?

  Participants may have guessed the study's nature
• What is the key difference in the victim between Milgram's and Sheridan and King's studies?

  Milgram used an actor, Sheridan and King used a puppy
• What was the main finding regarding obedience levels in Sheridan and King's study?

  Majority continued to administer shocks despite distress
• What does the finding about male participants in Sheridan and King's study suggest?

  Gender dynamics influence obedience levels
• How might "volunteer personality" affect obedience studies?

  Volunteers may act differently than the general population
• How does Milgram's study address the factor of replicability?

  It has been replicated with consistent results
• What are two potential essay questions based on the material?

  Discuss authoritarian personality and alternative explanations
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of Milgram's obedience study?

  Strengths:

  • High reliability and internal validity
  • Replicated multiple times with consistent results

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Ethnocentric and androcentric sample
  • Lacks ecological validity
  • Potential volunteer bias
• What are the implications of Milgram's study for real-world situations?

  • Understanding mass violence and cruelty
  • Ordinary people can commit harmful acts
  • Influence of authority on behavior
• What are the key differences between Milgram's study and Sheridan and King's study?

  • Milgram used an actor; Sheridan and King used a puppy
  • Sheridan and King aimed to address demand characteristics
  • Different findings regarding gender and obedience