reproduction in animals and plants

• What is sexual reproduction?

  Two organisms combine genes to produce offspring
• What is a key characteristic of asexual reproduction?

  It involves one organism with no genetic variation
• What is fertilisation?

  Fusion of male and female gametes to produce a zygote
• What are the adaptations of wind-pollinated flowers?

  • Anther exposed to wind for pollen dispersal
  • Stigmas are exposed and feathery to catch pollen
• What are the adaptations of insect-pollinated flowers?

  • Brightly colored petals to attract insects
  • Sticky stigma to catch pollen
  • Ovary contains ovules for fertilization
  • Anther produces pollen
• What is the pollen tube process?

  A pollen tube grows down the style to the ovary
• What conditions are needed for seed germination?

  Oxygen, starch, and water are required
• How do plants reproduce asexually by natural methods?

  Runners grow out and take root to form new plants
• How do plants reproduce asexually by artificial methods?

  Cuttings are planted to produce identical copies
• What is the function of the male reproductive system's urethra?

  It carries sperm through the penis
• What role do glands play in the male reproductive system?

  They produce liquid to make semen
• What is the function of the female reproductive system's oviduct?

  It carries ovum from ovary to uterus
• What does the ovary produce in the female reproductive system?

  The ovary produces ova
• What is the function of the placenta?

  It allows nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fetus
• What is the function of amniotic fluid?

  It protects the fetus and allows movement
• What happens to the zygote after fertilisation?

  It undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo