Neurons and Synaptic transmission

• What are the three types of neurons?

  Motor, sensory, and relay neurons
• What is the primary function of motor neurons?

  Connect CNS to effectors like muscles
• How do sensory neurons function?

  They carry messages from PNS to CNS
• What is the role of relay neurons?

  Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
• What percentage of neurons are located in the brain?

  80%
• What is the structure of a neuron composed of?

  Cell body, dendrites, axon, terminal buttons
• What is the function of dendrites?

  Carry nerve impulses towards the cell body
• What does the axon do?

  Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body
• What is the myelin sheath's purpose?

  Protects the axon and speeds up transmission
• What are the gaps in the myelin sheath called?

  Nodes of Ranvier
• What is the synapse?

  A gap between two neurons for communication
• What happens during synaptic transmission?

  Neurotransmitters cross the synapse
• What are neurotransmitters?

  Chemicals that transmit signals across synapses
• What is the effect of excitatory neurotransmitters?

  They make the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire
• What is the effect of inhibitory neurotransmitters?

  They make the postsynaptic neuron less likely to fire
• What is an EPSP?

  Excitatory postsynaptic potential
• What is an IPSP?

  Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
• What is the reflex arc process?

  A stimulus is detected and relayed to effectors
• How do psychoactive drugs affect neurotransmission?

  They increase or inhibit neurotransmitter transmission
• What is the main purpose of the myelin sheath?

  Increase the speed of impulse transmission
• How do EPSPs and IPSPs affect neuron firing?

  They are summed to determine firing likelihood
• What is the role of terminal buttons?

  Communicate with the next neuron across the synapse
• What happens if the net effect on a postsynaptic neuron is inhibitory?

  The neuron will be less likely to fire
• What happens if the net effect on a postsynaptic neuron is excitatory?

  The neuron will be more likely to fire
• What is the function of the cell body (soma)?

  Contains the nucleus and genetic material
• What is the significance of the reflex arc in the nervous system?

  It allows quick responses to stimuli
• How do the structures of motor, sensory, and relay neurons differ?

  Motor neurons have long axons; sensory have long dendrites
• What is the primary role of the central nervous system (CNS)?

  Process and relay information
• What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

  Carry messages to and from the CNS
• What is the function of the nucleus in a neuron?

  Contains genetic material of the cell
• How do neurotransmitters influence behavior?

  They affect mood, cognition, and motor control
• What is the relationship between neurotransmitters and synaptic transmission?

  Neurotransmitters facilitate communication across synapses
• What is the significance of the gap between neurons?

  It requires neurotransmitters for signal transmission
• What is the main purpose of the reflex arc?

  To enable quick responses to stimuli
• How do SSRIs affect neurotransmitter transmission?

  They increase serotonin levels in the synapse
• What is the role of Chloropromazine in neurotransmission?

  It acts as an antipsychotic affecting dopamine
• How do the effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters differ?

  Excitatory increases firing; inhibitory decreases it
• What is the function of the axon terminal?

  Release neurotransmitters into the synapse
• What is the significance of action potentials in neurons?

  They are the electrical impulses that transmit signals
• How does the structure of a sensory neuron support its function?

  Long dendrites allow efficient signal reception