Social influence and social change

• What is social change?

  Adoption of new beliefs by society
• How does minority influence lead to social change?

  Minority viewpoints become majority opinions over time
• What are examples of social change?

  • Acceptance of the Earth being round
  • Women's suffragette movement
  • Gay rights
  • Increased recycling
  • Reduced smoking in public places
• What is the sequence of steps in minority influence for social change?

  Attention, conflict, consistency, augmentation, snowball, cryptoamnesia
• How did the suffragettes draw attention to their cause?

  By protesting and holding placards
• What happens during cognitive conflict in social change?

  A difference in views creates conflict
• Why is consistency important for minority influence?

  It makes the majority reassess their views
• What does the augmentation principle entail?

  Minorities must show commitment through sacrifices
• What significant change occurred in 1918 regarding women's voting rights?

  Women over 30 gained the right to vote
• What is social cryptoamnesia?

  Forgetting the minority's role in social change
• How does normative social influence encourage social change?

  By showing what others are doing
• How do health campaigns use conformity?

  By providing information on majority behaviors
• What is the impact of obedience on social change?

  Changes in laws create new social norms
• How can dictators influence social change?

  Through power and obedience to avoid punishment
• What are the evaluation points for social influence and social change?

  • Research supports NSI's influence on change
  • Minority influence explains social change
  • Deeper processing may not be crucial
  • Barriers exist for social change
• Who studied conformity using lines?

  Asch
• What type of conformity involves accepting group norms?

  Internalisation
• On which day did the Stanford prison study end?

  Day 6
• What was the highest voltage switch in Milgram’s study?

  450 volts
• According to Moscovici, what are the three main processes in conformity?

  Consistency, commitment, flexibility
• What percentage of people predicted to give the highest voltage in Milgram's study?

  10%
• What defines a field experiment?

  IV exists in the natural environment
• What are the two contrasting states in Milgram’s agentic state theory?

  Autonomous, agentic
• What were the obedience rates found in Kilman and Mann's replication of Milgram?

  Australia 16%, Germany 85%
• What is the correct reference for Zimbardo’s prison study?

  Zimbardo (1973)
• Who did a partial replication of the Stanford prison study?

  Reicher and Haslam (2009)
• Who investigated locus of control?

  Rotter