cell biology

• How do animals solve the problem of gas exchange?

  By having specialized structures and transport systems
• How do fish obtain oxygen from water?

  Through their gills
• What happens to oxygen-rich water in fish?

  It flows over gills for gas exchange
• What adaptations do gill filaments have for gas exchange?

  Large surface area, thin membrane, efficient blood supply
• Why is a high concentration gradient important for diffusion?

  It ensures efficient gas exchange
• What are the adaptations of gill filaments that enhance diffusion?

  • Massive surface area
  • Thin membrane for short diffusion pathway
  • Efficient blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
• What are the implications of a low surface area to volume ratio in multicellular organisms?

  • Insufficient gas exchange
  • Need for specialized structures
  • Requirement for a transport system
• What is the significance of surface area to volume ratio in biology?

  • Influences gas exchange efficiency
  • Affects nutrient absorption
  • Determines the need for specialized structures