FESci

    Cards (294)

    • What is electricity described as in the study material?
      Universal medium for energy transmission
    • What is the charge model in electrostatics?
      • Frictional forces add/remove charge
      • Two kinds of charge: negative (plastic) and positive (glass)
      • Like charges repel, opposite charges attract
      • Force size is proportional to charge and inversely proportional to distance
      • Neutral objects have equal charges
    • What is required to transfer charge?
      Contact between objects
    • How do conductors and insulators differ in charge mobility?
      Conductors allow free charge movement, insulators do not
    • What is the fundamental unit of charge?
      e (elementary charge)
    • What happens to molecular bonds when two materials slide past each other?
      Friction breaks molecular bonds at the surface
    • What does the law of conservation of charge state?
      Charge is neither created nor destroyed
    • What is the practical unit of charge?
      1 coulomb
    • How do insulators and conductors behave when charged?
      • Insulators: charge remains immobile
      • Conductors: charge moves freely
      • Charging insulators often involves rubbing
      • Conductors respond instantly to charge changes
    • What is the effect of charging an insulator by friction?
      Leaves immobile patches of ions on surface
    • How do humans discharge a charged object?
      By touching it, allowing charge transfer
    • What is charge polarization?
      Separation of positive and negative charges in a neutral object
    • What is an electric dipole?
      Two opposite charges with slight separation
    • How does a charged rod pick up pieces of paper?
      By polarizing atoms in the paper
    • What does Coulomb's law describe?
      • Force between charged particles
      • Magnitude of force depends on charge and distance
      • Forces are action/reaction pairs
      • Applies to point charges only
    • What is the first law of electrostatics?
      Like charges repel, unlike charges attract
    • What is the second law of electrostatics?
      Force is proportional to product of charges
    • What is the relative permittivity of air?
      1
    • What is the significance of electric forces being vectors?
      They have both magnitude and direction
    • What is the electric field?
      • Long-range force
      • Exists at every point in space
      • Describes interaction between charged particles
      • Force on charge depends on electric field strength
    • What is the unit of electric field strength?
      N/C (newtons per coulomb)
    • How does electric potential relate to electric potential energy?
      Electric potential energy is interaction energy of charges
    • What is the formula for electric potential energy?
      U = qV
    • What is the function of a battery in an electric circuit?
      • Source of electric potential
      • Uses chemical reactions to separate charge
      • Creates potential difference between terminals
      • Provides energy to the circuit
    • What does emf stand for?
      Electromotive force
    • What is Kirchhoff's junction law?
      Total current into junction equals total current out
    • What are the key components of an electric circuit?
      • Interconnection of electrical elements
      • Includes batteries, resistors, and capacitors
      • Current flows through the circuit
      • Voltage drives the current
    • What is the definition of current?
      Flow of charge through a conductor
    • What is Ohm's law?
      Current depends on potential difference and resistance
    • What is the unit of current?
      Ampere (A)
    • What does resistance depend on?
      Length, diameter, and material of the conductor
    • What are the characteristics of series and parallel resistors?
      • Series: same current, total voltage is sum
      • Parallel: same voltage, total current is sum
      • Series resistors have equal charges
      • Parallel resistors have the same potential difference
    • What is the unit of capacitance?
      Farad (F)
    • What is the formula for capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor?
      C = ε(A/d)
    • What is the energy stored in a charged capacitor?
      U = 1/2 CV^2
    • What are practical applications of capacitors?
      • Flash units in cameras
      • Defibrillators for medical use
      • Energy storage in various devices
    • What happens in an RC circuit?
      Current varies as capacitor charges/discharges
    • What is the effect of a switch in an RC circuit?
      Controls the charging and discharging of the capacitor
    • What does a battery transfer charge from?
      Bottom electrode to top electrode
    • How does the equivalent capacitance of parallel capacitors compare to a single capacitor?
      It is larger than any single capacitor
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