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Cards (294)
What is electricity described as in the study material?
Universal
medium for
energy transmission
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What is the charge model in electrostatics?
Frictional forces
add/remove charge
Two kinds of charge:
negative
(plastic) and
positive
(glass)
Like charges
repel,
opposite charges
attract
Force size is proportional to charge and inversely proportional to distance
Neutral objects
have equal charges
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What is required to transfer charge?
Contact between
objects
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How do conductors and insulators differ in charge mobility?
Conductors allow
free
charge
movement
,
insulators
do not
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What is the fundamental unit of charge?
e (
elementary charge
)
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What happens to molecular bonds when two materials slide past each other?
Friction
breaks molecular bonds at the surface
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What does the law of conservation of charge state?
Charge is neither
created
nor
destroyed
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What is the practical unit of charge?
1
coulomb
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How do insulators and conductors behave when charged?
Insulators: charge remains immobile
Conductors: charge moves freely
Charging insulators often involves
rubbing
Conductors respond instantly to charge changes
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What is the effect of charging an insulator by friction?
Leaves immobile patches of
ions
on surface
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How do humans discharge a charged object?
By touching it, allowing charge
transfer
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What is charge polarization?
Separation of
positive
and
negative
charges in a neutral object
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What is an electric dipole?
Two
opposite
charges
with slight separation
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How does a charged rod pick up pieces of paper?
By
polarizing
atoms in the paper
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What does Coulomb's law describe?
Force between
charged particles
Magnitude of force depends on charge and
distance
Forces are action/reaction pairs
Applies to point charges only
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What is the first law of electrostatics?
Like charges
repel,
unlike charges
attract
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What is the second law of electrostatics?
Force is
proportional
to
product
of charges
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What is the relative permittivity of air?
1
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What is the significance of electric forces being vectors?
They have both
magnitude
and direction
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What is the electric field?
Long-range force
Exists at every point in space
Describes interaction between
charged particles
Force on charge depends on
electric field strength
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What is the unit of electric field strength?
N/C
(
newtons per coulomb
)
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How does electric potential relate to electric potential energy?
Electric potential energy is
interaction energy
of
charges
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What is the formula for electric potential energy?
U
=
qV
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What is the function of a battery in an electric circuit?
Source of
electric potential
Uses
chemical reactions
to separate charge
Creates
potential difference
between terminals
Provides energy to the circuit
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What does emf stand for?
Electromotive force
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What is Kirchhoff's junction law?
Total current into junction equals
total
current out
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What are the key components of an electric circuit?
Interconnection of
electrical elements
Includes
batteries
,
resistors
, and
capacitors
Current
flows through the circuit
Voltage
drives the current
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What is the definition of current?
Flow of charge through a
conductor
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What is Ohm's law?
Current depends on
potential difference
and
resistance
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What is the unit of current?
Ampere
(A)
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What does resistance depend on?
Length, diameter, and material of the
conductor
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What are the characteristics of series and parallel resistors?
Series
: same
current
, total
voltage
is
sum
Parallel
: same voltage, total current is sum
Series resistors have
equal
charges
Parallel resistors have the same
potential difference
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What is the unit of capacitance?
Farad (F)
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What is the formula for capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor?
C =
ε
(
A
/
d
)
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What is the energy stored in a charged capacitor?
U
= 1/2
CV^2
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What are practical applications of capacitors?
Flash units in cameras
Defibrillators
for medical use
Energy storage in various
devices
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What happens in an RC circuit?
Current varies as
capacitor
charges
/discharges
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What is the effect of a switch in an RC circuit?
Controls the charging and discharging of the
capacitor
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What does a battery transfer charge from?
Bottom
electrode
to
top
electrode
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How does the equivalent capacitance of parallel capacitors compare to a single capacitor?
It is larger than any single capacitor
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See all 294 cards
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