8 cognition + emotion

• What is the cognitive approach to studying emotion?

  It examines how cognition influences emotions
• What is mood dependent memory (MDM)?

  Recall is better when moods match
• What is mood congruent memory (MCM)?

  Recall is better for memories matching mood
• What is emotional enhancement of memory?

  Better recall for emotional than neutral information
• Who is Richard Lazarus?

  A pioneer in emotion and stress research
• What is the role of appraisal in emotion?

  It evaluates the significance of stimuli
• What did Zajonc argue about emotions and cognition?

  Emotions can occur without cognition
• What is the mere exposure effect?

  We prefer familiar things over unfamiliar ones
• What was the finding of Zajonc's experiment on mere exposure?

  Participants preferred characters seen earlier
• What does the "bad guy", "good guy" effect demonstrate?

  Emotional memory can remain intact despite amnesia
• What did Lazarus respond to Zajonc's theory?

  Cognition can be quick and unconscious
• What is flashbulb memory?

  Vivid memories of distinctive emotional events
• How does mood-dependent memory work?

  Recall is better when moods match during encoding
• What was the finding of Bower et al. (1981) regarding mood-dependent memory?

  Participants recalled more words in matching moods
• What is mood congruent memory (MCM) according to Gilligan & Bower (1983)?

  Recall is better for memories matching current mood
• What did participants recall better in MCM experiments?

  More words associated with their current mood
• What is the reliability of MDM and MCM effects?

  MDM is unreliable; MCM is more reliable
• What is the emotional memory enhancement effect?

  Better recall for emotional information than neutral
• Why do we remember emotional material better?

  Emotional information captures our attention
• What did Easterbrook's hypothesis state?

  Increased arousal limits available cues
• What did Christianson & Loftus (1991) find about emotional events?

  Memory for central details is better than peripheral
• What are the two key research questions regarding recollective experience?

  Are emotional contents more richly recollected?
• What did Ochsner (2000) find about emotional pictures?

  Emotional pictures are more richly recollected
• What are the key brain structures involved in emotion-memory interactions?

  Amygdala and hippocampus

  
• What did Cahill et al. (1995) study about emotional memory?

  Patients with amygdala lesions recall less emotional content
• What is the summary of emotion's effect on memory performance?

  Emotion enhances memory for central information
• How does emotion affect recollective experience?

  Emotion enhances richness of detail in memory