Cell Division - Mitosis

• What is the purpose of cell division in multicellular organisms?

  To grow and replace damaged tissue
• What does the cell cycle include?

  The cell cycle includes mitosis and interphase
• What are the two main phases of the cell cycle?

  Interphase and mitosis
• What are the stages of interphase?

  • G1 (Gap Phase 1)
  • S (Synthesis)
  • G2 (Gap Phase 2)
• What happens during interphase?

  The cell grows and replicates its DNA
• What is the role of ATP during cell division?

  Provides energy needed for cell division
• What is mitosis?

  A form of cell division producing identical cells
• Why is mitosis important for multicellular organisms?

  It allows growth and repair of tissues
• What are the stages of mitosis?

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
• What are chromosomes made of during mitosis?

  Two strands joined by a centromere
• What are sister chromatids?

  Two identical strands of a chromosome
• What occurs during prophase?

  Chromosomes condense and centrioles move apart
• What happens during metaphase?

  Chromosomes line up along the cell's equator
• What is the main event in anaphase?

  Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
• What occurs during telophase?

  Chromatids uncoil and nuclear envelopes form
• What is cytokinesis?

  Division of the cytoplasm during cell division
• How is cancer related to the cell cycle?

  Cancer involves uncontrolled cell division
• What can happen if there is a mutation in cell division genes?

  Cells may grow uncontrollably and form tumors
• What is the effect of cancer treatments on normal cells?

  They can also kill normal dividing cells
• What are some targets of cancer treatments in the cell cycle?

  • G1 (cell growth)
  • S (DNA replication)
  • G2 (protein production)
• How do some chemotherapy drugs work?

  They prevent synthesis of enzymes for DNA replication
• What happens if severe DNA damage is detected in a cell?

  The cell will undergo apoptosis to prevent growth
• What is the role of the spindle during mitosis?

  To separate sister chromatids during division
• What is the significance of the centromere during mitosis?

  It holds sister chromatids together
• How does the process of mitosis ensure genetic consistency in daughter cells?

  Each daughter cell receives an exact DNA copy