B1a

• What type of permeability does the cell membrane have?

  Semi permeable
• What does the cell membrane control?

  Movement of substances in and out
• Where is bacterial DNA located?

  Floats in cytoplasm
• What is the function of bacterial DNA?

  Controls the function of the cell
• What is the cell wall made of?

  made of cellulose
• What is the function of the cell wall?

  Supports and strengthens the cell
• What are plasmids?

  Small rings of DNA
• What do plasmids contain?

  Additional genes
• What is the cytoplasm's role in the cell?

  Site of chemical reactions
• What does the cytoplasm contain?

  Gel-like substance with enzymes
• What type of cells are prokaryotic cells?

  Bacterial cells
• How do prokaryotic cells compare in size?

  Much smaller than eukaryotic cells
• What is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

  Not enclosed in a nucleus
• What is the structure of prokaryotic genetic material?

  Single DNA loop with plasmids
• What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?

  Plant and animal cells
• What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?

  Genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
• What is the function of the nucleus?

  Contains genetic material and controls activities
• What is the role of ribosomes?

  Site of protein synthesis
• What is mRNA translated into?

  An amino acid chain
• What is the function of mitochondria?

  Site of respiration for energy release
• What additional structures do plant cells have compared to animal cells?

  Permanent vacuole and chloroplasts

  
• What does the permanent vacuole contain?

  Cell sap, sugars, and salts
• What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

  Keeps cell turgid
• What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Supports and strengthens the cell
• What is the function of chloroplasts?

  Site of photosynthesis
• What do chloroplasts contain?

  Chlorophyll, absorbs light energy
• What does the prefix 'centi' represent?

  1 cm = 0.01 m
• What does the prefix 'milli' represent?

  1 mm = 0.001 m
• What does the prefix 'micro' represent?

  1 𝛍m = 0.000001 m
• What does the prefix 'nano' represent?

  1 nm = 0.000000001 m
• What are the specialized animal cells and their functions?

  • Nerve: Carry electrical signals
  • Sperm: Fertilize an egg
  • Muscle: Contract for movement
• What are the specialized plant cells and their functions?

  • Root hair: Absorb water and minerals
  • Xylem: Transports water and minerals
  • Phloem: Carries dissolved sugars
• Why is cell differentiation important?

  Forms different types for tissues and organs
• What are stem cells capable of?

  Divide or differentiate into other cells
• What is the smallest structural unit of an organism?

  Cell
• What does the nucleus contain?

  Genetic material
• What is a chromosome?

  Coiled DNA in the nucleus

  
• What is DNA made of?

  Two strands forming a double helix
• What is a gene?

  Section of DNA coding for a protein
• What are the advantages of stem cells?

  Embryos made with same genes avoid rejection