Respiration

• Glycolysis (respiration)

  • Mitochondria can’t import glucose due to no transport proteins, so can only import pyruvate
  • Glucose split into 2 TP, using 2 ATP
  • 2 TP made into 2 pyruvate using 4 ADP
• Link reaction (respiration)

  • 2 pyruvate (from glycolysis) made into acetate, using NAD and releases CO2
  • Acetate made into acetylCoA using CoenzymeA, an acetate carrier which increases the reactivity of acetate
• Krebs cycle (respiration)

  • AcetylCoA releases CoA and made into citrate (6C)
  • 2 NAD used to form 4C compound, releasing 2 CO2
  • Using ADP and organic phosphate (makes ATP), FAD (into red FAD) and NAD (into red NAD), this makes oxaloacetate (4C)
• electron transport chain (respiration)

  • electron carriers on cristae
  • each electron delivered by NADH and FADH2
  • each electron transfer is an oxidation/reduction which releases energy, energy used to make ATP
  • by-products are low energy electrons and protons, which combine with oxygen (terminal proton and electron acceptor) to make water
• Anaerobic respiration in glycolysis

  • 2 ADP and 2 Pi form 2 ATP and NAD to red NAD into pyruvate, no oxygen causes pyruvate to form lactate making red NAD into NAD
• anaerobic respiration in fermentation

  2 ADP and 2 Pi form 2 ATP, NAD form red NAD into pyruvate, no oxygen makes pyruvate form CO2 and ethanol using red NAD into NAD