Cognitive Approach

• What does the cognitive approach study?

  Internal mental processes
• What role do schemas play in the cognitive approach?

  Schemas organize knowledge and guide behavior
• How do cognitive psychologists explain mental processes?

  Using theoretical and computer models
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  The study of brain structures and mental processes
• What are the key assumptions of the cognitive approach?

  • Models provide testable theories about mental processing
  • Internal mental processes can be studied scientifically
  • Mental processes are similar to computer information processing
  • Behavior is influenced by conscious and non-conscious thoughts
• What is a schema?

  A mental structure containing knowledge
• How do schemas affect our behavior?

  They influence our perceptions and decisions
• What are the helpful aspects of schemas?

  • Help predict outcomes based on experience
  • Enable rapid processing of information
  • Prevent overwhelm from environmental stimuli
• What are the unhelpful aspects of schemas?

  • Can distort sensory information interpretation
  • May lead to prejudice and stereotypes
  • Can cause biased recall and perceptual errors
• What is the information processing model in cognitive psychology?

  Input, Storage/Processing, and Retrieval stages
• What is a limitation of using computer models in cognitive psychology?

  They oversimplify complex mental processes
• What are mediational processes in cognitive psychology?

  Cognitive processes between stimulus and response
• What are the strengths of the cognitive approach?

  • Uses controlled experimentation for scientific rigor
  • Employs objective and replicable methods
  • Enhances psychology's scientific status
• What are the weaknesses of the cognitive approach?

  • Mechanistic view oversimplifies human behavior
  • Ignores emotional and social influences
  • Over-reliance on laboratory experiments limits ecological validity
• What is soft determinism in the cognitive approach?

  Humans have some control over behavior
• What does cognitive neuroscience explore?

  Neurobiological basis of thought processes
• How has cognitive neuroscience advanced our understanding of disorders?

  Identifies neurological basis of psychological disorders
• What did Maguire et al. (2000) find about London taxi drivers?

  Increased grey matter in posterior hippocampus
• What is the significance of early identification of cognitive problems?

  Allows for potential early intervention
• What ethical implications arise from using fMRI in lie detection?

  Concerns about privacy and accuracy
• What did Broca discover about brain function?

  Damage to Broca's area impairs speech production
• How did Tulving use PET scans in his research?

  To show different LTM stores in the brain
• What are the limitations of the cognitive approach regarding human behavior?

  • Over-reliance on theoretical models
  • Lack of ecological validity in experiments
  • Neglect of emotional and social factors
• What is the multi-store model of memory?

  A theoretical model of memory processing
• What is the role of schemas in memory?

  Schemas help organize and interpret information
• How does the cognitive approach differ from behaviorism?

  Cognitive approach focuses on internal processes
• What is the interactionist position in cognitive psychology?

  Behavior is influenced by both nature and nurture
• What is the significance of cognitive interviews in eyewitness testimony?

  They improve accuracy and recall
• How does the cognitive approach contribute to treatment of mental health issues?

  It leads to effective therapies like CBT
• What is a limitation of the cognitive approach regarding alternative explanations for behavior?

  It overlooks biological factors like neurotransmitters
• What is the role of experience in cognitive neuroscience?

  Experience shapes brain structure and function
• What is the primary focus of cognitive neuroscience?

  Interaction between brain structures and mental processes
• How does cognitive neuroscience demonstrate brain plasticity?

  Shows brain structure changes with experience
• What is the impact of untreated PKU on children?

  Leads to learning difficulties
• How has neuroscience research changed treatment for PKU?

  Guided changes in medical treatment guidelines
• What are the implications of using mind mapping in court for lie detection?

  Raises ethical concerns about accuracy
• What is the purpose of the independent groups design in experiments?

  To compare different groups' responses
• Why is it important to complete a cognitive approach mind map?

  To visualize and organize key concepts
• What is the significance of gap fill essays in understanding the cognitive approach?

  They help clarify and reinforce key concepts
• What is the main feature of the cognitive approach regarding theoretical models?

  They represent complex cognitive processes