active transport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the gradient
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from respiration
• What is a concentration gradient?

  Difference in concentration across a space
• In which part of the human body is active transport used to absorb sugars?

  Small intestine
• Why can't sugars diffuse into the cell from the lumen?

  Higher concentration of sugars inside the cell
• What do mitochondria provide for active transport?

  Energy
• What ions do root hair cells transport into plants?

  Magnesium ions
• How does the concentration of ions in the soil compare to that in root hair cells?

  Lower concentration in the soil
• What is the role of magnesium in plants?

  To make chlorophyll in leaves
• How are ions transported after entering root hair cells?

  To the xylem vessels
• What is the lumen in the context of the small intestine?

  The cavity where food is digested
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the gradient
  • Diffusion moves substances down the gradient
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration
  • Diffusion does not require energy
• What are two examples of active transport in biology?

  1. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine
  2. Uptake of magnesium ions in root hair cells