B6- DNA part 1

• What are the main topics discussed in the video?

  DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes
• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic acid
• What is DNA classified as?

  A polymer made of similar units
• How many strands does DNA have?

  Two strands
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix
• If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?

  Over two meters long
• How is DNA organized in a cell?

  Separated into 46 different sections
• What do we call the tightly coiled sections of DNA?

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes does each human cell have?

  46 chromosomes
• How many different types of chromosomes are there?

  23 different types
• What is a pair of chromosomes?

  Two of each type from parents
• What are the sex chromosomes?

  X and Y chromosomes
• How do sex chromosomes differ between genders?

  Women have two X, men have X and Y
• When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?

  Before cell division
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA coding for protein
• What does a gene code for?

  A particular sequence of amino acids
• How many different types of amino acids are there?

  20 different types
• How does DNA influence cell type?

  It determines which proteins are produced
• What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• What is a genome?

  The entire set of genetic material
• How does an individual's genome compare to others?

  It differs from strangers, similar to parents
• What have scientists completed regarding the human genome?

  They know the entire DNA code
• How can genes be linked to diseases?

  They may cause or increase disease risk
• What is an inherited disease?

  A disease passed from parents to offspring
• How can doctors use genetic information?

  To choose more effective treatments
• What can genomes help trace?

  The migrations of our ancestors
• What do small differences in genomes indicate?

  When different populations separated
• What are the relationships between DNA, chromosomes, genes, and genomes?

  • DNA is the genetic material.
  • Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA sections.
  • Genes are segments of DNA coding for proteins.
  • The genome is the complete set of genetic material.
• What are the differences between X and Y chromosomes?

  • X chromosome: present in both genders.
  • Y chromosome: present only in males.
  • Females have two X chromosomes.
  • Males have one X and one Y chromosome.
• What is the significance of the complete human genome?

  • Identifies genes linked to diseases.
  • Helps in developing effective treatments.
  • Traces human migrations and ancestry.