Bone and skeleton

• What type of tissue is bone?

  Connective tissue
• What percentage of bone is made up of mineral compound?

  65%
• What is the primary organic material in bone?

  Collagen
• How are bones defined in relation to bone tissue?

  Bones are organs made of bone tissue
• Why are bones considered dynamic structures?

  They respond to changes in their environment
• What is the diaphysis of a long bone?

  The shaft of the bone
• What does the term "epiphysis" refer to?

  The end part of a long bone
• What does "meta" mean in the context of bone terminology?

  After, beyond, or between
• What does "physis" refer to in bone terminology?

  The principle of growth or change
• What are the types of bone tissue?

  • Cortical (compact) bone
  • Trabecular (spongy) bone
• What is the medullary cavity?

  The central cavity of long bones
• What are the structural differences in non-long bones?

  • Flat bones: No medullary cavity, two layers of compact bone
  • Short/Irregular bones: No medullary cavity, single ossification center
• What is the periosteum?

  The membrane covering the outside of bone
• What are the two layers of the periosteum?

  Protective and osteogenic layers
• What does the endosteum line?

  The medullary cavity
• What types of cells are found in the endosteum?

  Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
• How do collagen fibers in osteons contribute to bone strength?

  They run in different directions for resistance
• What are the functions of surface markings on bones?

  • Leverage
  • Muscle attachment
  • Response to strain
  • Articulations with other bones
• What is the function of sesamoid bones?

  Ease tendon path and prevent wear
• How do large moment arms affect muscle force and movement?

  They allow lifting large loads with less force
• What is the significance of skeletal conditions in veterinary and human health?

  • Commonplace in veterinary species
  • Important for animal health and welfare
  • Also prevalent in humans
  • Relevant to public health and sustainability