All cells arise from other cells

• DNA replication occurs during the interphase of the cell cycle
• Stages of cell division by mitosis :

  
  

  > interphase

  > prophase

  > metaphase

  > anaphase

  > telophase
• Acronym for Cell division by mitosis ;

  
  

  > I

  > Peed

  > Marijuana

  > And

  > Tea
• Mitotic phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis
• cytokinesis is the process of cell division that separates a cell’s cytoplasm into two daughter cells
• interphase-> each chromosome is copied to and from two sister chromatids
• two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere
• Prophase (1)

  • chromosomes condense , become visible in the nucleus
  • nucleolus disappears, nuclear membrane breaks down
• Prophase (2)

  
  

  > pair of anticells move to either side of the cell

  > protein from spindle fibres attach to centromeres of each cell
• Metaphase

  • Chromosomes line up equator of the cell
• Anaphase

  • Centromeres divide into two , spindle fibres shorten .
  • Pull sister chromatids toward opposite side of the cell
• Telophase

  • nuclear membrane reforms , nucleolus reappears
• Eukaryotes divide through the cell cycle
• Prokaryotes divide through binary fission
• Prokaryotes replicate their DNA and split into two daughter cells that are identical
• Binary Fission stage 1:

  
  

  DNA replication , circular DNA uncoils and duplicates once , plasmids duplicate multiple times.
• Binary Fission stage 2:

  
  

  Cytoplasm extends , separating the two sets of DNA , each end receives one bacterial chromosome and equal amounts of plasmid
• Binary fission stage 3:

  
  

  cytoplasm splits
• binary fission stage 4:

  
  

  Cell fully splits , produces identical new cells