the heart and blood vessels

• What is the role of the circulatory system?

  To transport oxygen and nutrients
• What are the three main components of the circulatory system?

  Blood, blood vessels, and heart
• What does blood carry in the circulatory system?

  Oxygen and nutrients
• How does the heart function in the circulatory system?

  It pumps blood to keep it moving
• What is meant by a double circulatory system?

  It has two distinct loops for blood flow
• What happens to deoxygenated blood in the circulatory system?

  It goes to the lungs to gain oxygen
• What do the atria and ventricles do in the heart?

  Atria receive blood; ventricles pump blood
• How many chambers does the heart have?

  Four chambers
• What are the top chambers of the heart called?

  Atria
• What prevents blood from flowing backwards in the heart?

  Valves
• What is the path of blood through the heart?

  Vena cava and pulmonary vein to atria
• How do the atria and ventricles work together during blood flow?

  Atria contract, then ventricles contract
• How often does the heart cycle repeat?

  About 70 times a minute
• What is the function of pacemaker cells in the heart?

  They produce electrical impulses for contraction
• What is an artificial pacemaker used for?

  To regulate heart contractions
• What is the definition of an artery?

  A vessel carrying blood away from the heart
• What is the definition of a vein?

  A vessel carrying blood to the heart
• Why can the pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated blood?

  It carries blood away from the heart
• How do coronary arteries function in the heart?

  They supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
• What are the main components of the circulatory system?

  • Blood
  • Blood vessels
  • Heart
• Describe the blood flow path through the heart.

  1. Blood enters via vena cava and pulmonary vein
  2. Flows into right atrium and left atrium
  3. Atria contract, pushing blood into ventricles
  4. Ventricles contract, sending blood to pulmonary artery and aorta
  5. Cycle repeats
• What are the differences between arteries and veins?

  • Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
  • Veins: carry blood to the heart
  • Arteries usually carry oxygenated blood; veins usually carry deoxygenated blood
• What is the role of valves in the heart?

  • Prevent blood from flowing backwards
  • Ensure blood flows in the right direction
• What is the significance of the pacemaker cells?

  • Produce electrical impulses
  • Regulate heart contractions
• What is the function of coronary arteries?

  • Supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
  • Ensure heart muscle receives nutrients
• name for the valve between the ventricles and arteries

  semilunar valves
• name for valves between atria and ventricles

  atrioventricular valves

  the right atrioventricular valve might also be called the tricuspid valve, while the left may be called the bicuspid valve
• four main blood vessels associated with the heart

  vena cava(right)- carries deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium

  pulmonary artery(right)- carries deoxygenated blood from the right atrium to the lungs

  pulmonary vein(left)- carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

  aorta(left)- carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body
• advantage of having a "double" circulatory system

  makes the system more effective, since the blood loses pressure as it passes through the lungs, returning to the heart means the pressure can be increased again before it passes around the body. this allows blood to move around the body quickly
• role of circulatory system?

  transporting substances such as:

  -nutrients like oxygen, glucose, amino acids

  -waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea

  -hormones and antibodies